Thurs Wk 5 Mixed 2 Flashcards

1
Q

atrophy in Alzeheimer Disease occurs in __ lobe and hippocampus (esp early)

think lung abscess w __
key player is __ as they release cytotoxic granules
this kills bacteria, but also leads to __ necrosis

__ is deficiency in NER necessary for correcting UV light exposure
skin of infant is __ initially, but leads to atropy, telangectasias, altered pigmentation and __
NER- UV exposure leads to __, which is recognized and cut on both sides
DNA poly synthesizes fragment and __ seals gap

__ is AR cx of mutation in genes responding to DNA crosslinks
see A__ and short stature, hypoplastic thumbs, and malignancy

A

temporoparietal

air fluid level
PMN
liquefactive

XP
normal
cancer
thymine dimer
DNA ligase

fanconi anemia
aplastic anemia

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2
Q

fructose abosrbed in SI by _
F1P is converted by __ to DHAP and glyceraldehyde
G becomes G3p via triose _ and both go through glycolysis

pt w chronic COPD on supplemental O2 reduces __ chemoreceptor stimulation w dec RR
Central chemoreceptors are in __ and respond to low pH and high CO2
peripheral chemoreceptors are __/__ bodies that can sense low O2 as well as O2/H
pulmonary stretch receptors are myelinated/unmyelinated __ fibers
regulate __ of inspiration depending on lung distension
thus CO2 is main __ of respiration in healthy indiv

GH/EPO/cytokines use __ receptors
TSH, glucagon, PTH use __ GPCR

A

GLUT5
Aldolase B
kinase

peripheral
medulla
carotid/aortic
C
depth
driver

JAK-STAT
Gs

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3
Q

perform __ analysis to identify why AE occurred

A__ is p450 enzyme in ovarian tissue, AC, subq, breast
can use aromatase inhibs E, L, A to prevent conversion of androgens to estrogen for ER pos tumors in POSTMEN woman
use continuous __ in premen woman

interscalene nerve block used for anesthesia to /
admin in __ triangle and can paralyze the diaphragm
__ roots of BP
3 trunks: S, M, I
3 anterior/posterior __
3 __

fatty foods inc _ release resulting in pain w obstruction
released by __ cells to stimulate GB contraction, panc enzymes, and dec gastric emptying

A

root cause

aromatase
exemestane, letrozole, anastrazole
GnRH

shoulder/upper arm
scalene
5
superior, middle, inferior
divisions
cords

CCK
I cells of D/J

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4
Q

Too rapid correction of hypoNa is __
see quadriplegia due to __ of CS tracts and pseudobulbar palsy of CN 9/10/11
nuclei of CN remain __
too rapid correction of HYPERNATREMIA leads to __

caudate atrophy leads to dilation of __ w reactive gliosis/neuron loss
HD chromosome number _

external ear innervation is great __ nerve, lesser occipital nerve and A_ nerve
majority of ear canal is __ innervation
except posterior portion which is __

Klebsiella is gram neg w thick __ that exhibits mucoid growth
see __ sputum and liquefactive necrosis
normally inhabits _

A

central pontine myelinosis
demyelination
intact
cerebral edema

lateral ventricles
4

auricular, auricoltemporal
CN V3
vagus nerve

capsule
currant jelly
oropharynx

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5
Q

hypoCa lead to neuromuscular __
metastatic cancer is more likely to cause __

4-12hrs after MI, early \_\_ necrosis w edema/wavy fibers and eosinophilis present
12-24hrs- contraction _ occurs
1-5 days, \_\_ infiltrate
5-10 days, \_\_ phagocytosis of dead cells
10-14 days, \_\_ tissue develops
>2w, \_\_ deposited

LV myocardial perfusion occurs in __ due to high systolic IV pressure
thus, duration of __ is limiting factor for blood supply to the myocardium

N/V, confusion, dizziness, tinnitus, fever, tachypnea indicate __ overdose
__ occurs first as MEDULLARY resp center inc ventilation
__ occurs around 12hrs as organic acids accumulate
thus see normal __ and low CO2/HCO3

A

hyperexcitability
hypercalcemia

coag
necrosis
PMN
macros
granulation
collagen

diastole
diastole

aspirin
RESP ALKALOSIS
AGAP MA
pH

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6
Q

Factor _ of extrinsic pathway has shortest half life of all coag factors
severe cirrhosis also leads to __ as splanchinc vasodilation/AV shunts form
during inflammation, secretion of __/__ upregulates COX2 prodxn

hepatic hydoxylation of phenytoin is __ thus can be saturated
affected by __ enzymes
OMEPRAZOLE __ p450

Sternocleidomastoid attaches to //_ bones
pulls medial segment __ and posteriorly
Pec major/arm pull lateral clavicle /

ACEI causes __kalemia

A

7
High output cardiac failure
IL1/TNFa

dose dependent
p450
inhibits

sternum, clavicle, mastoid
superior
inferior/anterior

HYPER

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7
Q

chronic rejection occurs after __ months
due to graft __ damage by cellular/humoral responses against alloantigens
see fibrous __ thickening and tubular atrophy/fibrosis

arterial fibrinoid necrosis/mottling and cyanosis indicate __ reject

__ is comp of prematurity before 32w
dec conciousness, hypotonia, bulging __ and hypoTN, ___ posture, irregular resp
due to rupture of __ near ventricles from which neurons/glial fibers originate
other comps of prematurity inclde RDS, PDA, __ dysplasia, N__ and retinopathy

G/E are main insulin opposing hormones to inc glycogenolysis/gluco
C/G alter trxn of genes to conserve glucose

A

3
endothelial
intimal

hyperacute

IVH
AF
decerebrate
germinal matrix
bronchopulmonary
necrotizing enterocolitis

glucagon, epinephrine

cortisol, GH

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8
Q

anti EGFR antibodies C, P
check pt prior to admin to determine _ status

w anesthetic induction, PP of drug rises in blood until it reaches __
speed of saturation depends on __ as highly soluble anesthetics need higher doses to become saturated
blood solubility is __ coefficient
higher blood solubility means __ BGPC
thus, more drug is needed to reach __
ex, NO has low __ and thus saturates brain very quickly
high solubility is absorbed by __ and delays CNS saturation

Low solubility in blood has __ onset and equilibration

A

cetuximab, panitumumab
KRAS

inhaled gas
solubility
BGP
higher
saturation
BGPC
blood

rapid

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9
Q

transmural fibrinoid necrosis w neg anca is __
leads to __ of involved organs

integrins bind to ECM via C/F/L
also interacts w K/A on intracellular domain
Fibronectins produced by F_ to bind collagen and GAG for cell adhesion/migration

crypto may cause lung sx, dx w __ stain

pt w bacterial meningitis, low platelets, petechial rash has __ sepsis
results in hypoNa, hyperkalemia and hypoglycemia w __ crisis/bilateral infarct
this is __ syndrome
usually due to __ infection

A

PAN
ischemia

collagen, fibronectin, laminin
keratin, actin

fibroblasts

mucicarmine

DIC
adrenal
Waterhouse Friederichsen
N men

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