Signal Transmission, communication, and membrane potench

Question 1

What is the pathway of communication of neurons

Answer 1

dendrites pick up a signal and carry it to the cell body where a new signal is sent down the axon to a different location

Question 2

Electrical impulses do what

Answer 2

propogate signals

Question 3

Chemical impulses do what

Answer 3

transmit signals

Question 4

What is key to the integration of the nervous system

Answer 4

synaptic transmission

Question 5

At rest, cell membranes are

Answer 5

polarized

Question 6

Stimulus to a neuron causes what to happen

Answer 6

Na+ gates in the dendrites and soma to open causing Na to flow into the neuron causing depolarization

Question 7

What is the soma

Answer 7

the body of the neuron

Question 8

Once threshold is reached, sodium ion gates open up where

Answer 8

in the axon causing more depolarization

Question 9

What is the threshold potential

Answer 9

-60mV

Question 10

After depolarization occurs what happens

Answer 10

K+ gates open up and bring the neuron back to resting membrane potential

Question 11

What are the two types of synapses

Answer 11

electrical and chemical

Question 12

What does the electrical synapse use as a signal

Answer 12

current carrying ions

Question 13

What do current carrying ions of the electrical synapses travel through

Answer 13

gap junctions

Question 14

Where do you find electrical synapses

Answer 14

smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 15

What do chemical synapses use as a signal

Answer 15

neuroT’s
neuromodulators
neurotrophic factors

Question 16

What are the structures that chemical synapses have to transmit a signal

Answer 16

pre and postsynaptic membranes and a synaptic cleft between them

Question 17

What is unique to a chemiical synapse compared to a electrical on e

Answer 17

chemical synapses only permit one way communication

Question 18

What are the two types of chemical synapses

Answer 18

excititory and inhibitory

Question 19

What does a neurotransmitter do in a excitatory chemical synapse

Answer 19

they depolarize the post synaptic membrane

Question 20

What does a neurotransmitter do in a inhibitory synapse

Answer 20

they reduce the post synaptic membranes ability to generate an action potential

Question 21

Where are neuroT’s synthesized

Answer 21

the cytoplasm of the axon terminal

Question 22

Where are neuroT’s stored after synthesis

Answer 22

synaptic vesicles in the axon terminal

Question 23

What is the mechanism behind how a neuroT might cause an excititory postsynaptic potential

Answer 23

if the neuro T causes a postive charge difference over the membrane making the potential to move closer to zero, it is said to be depolarized or (excited)

Question 24

What is the mech behind how a neuroT might cause an inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Answer 24

if the neuro T causes the net charge of the membrane to go further from zero it is less likely to depolarize therefore it has become hyperpolarized and “more inhibited”