Rickets and Osteomalacia

Question 1

What is rickets

Answer 1

Found in children, insufficient vitamin D, growth plate structure disorganized –> deformities

Question 2

What is rickets defined by in the book

Answer 2

characterized by failure/delay in calcification of the cartilage growth plate / epiphyses have not fused

Question 3

What can osteomalacia and rickets result from

Answer 3

kidney failure, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis

Question 4

Who is more at risk for getting rickets

Answer 4

breastfed, dark skinned, limited exposure to sunlight

Question 5

What are the manifestations of ricets

Answer 5

Kyphosis,
Genu valium (knock knees),
Genu varum (bow legs)

Question 6

What is osteomalacia

Answer 6

Found in adults, vitamin D deficiency

Question 7

What are the causes of vitamin D deficiency

Answer 7

Inadequate exposure, malabsorption, bile deficiency

Question 8

What are the two main causes of osteomalacia

Answer 8

1. Insufficient calcium absorption from intestine due to lack of dietary calcium, resistant to the action of vitamin D
2. Phosphate deficiency caused by increased renal losses or decreased intestinal absorption

Question 9

What are the risk factors of osteomalacia

Answer 9

people who are on long-term treatment of anticonvulsants because they decrease activation of vitamin d in liver, people who live in colder regions when UVB radiation is inadequate

Question 10

What are the manifestations of osteomalacia

Answer 10

pain in hips, ribs, low back, feet,
Vertebral fractures
Kyphosis
Muscle weakness

Question 11

What is osteomalacia usually accompanied by

Answer 11

compensatory or secondary hyperparathyroidism stimulated by low serum calcium levels