Fractures

Question 1

What are the three major categories of fractures

Answer 1

by injury
pathologic stress fractures
fatigue stress fractures

Question 2

What causes fatigue stress fractures

Answer 2

excess amounts of stress are on the bone

Question 3

Where do fat stress fracs happen the most

Answer 3

mostly in the metatarsals, femur, tibia, fibula, and pelvis

Question 4

Who usually get fat stress fracs

Answer 4

unconditioned athletes ie. Joggers, skaters, dancers, or military recruits.

Question 5

What causes pathologic stress fracs

Answer 5

when stress is applied to already weakened bones from disease or tumors

Question 6

What kind of fracture would you suspect someone with osteoporosis to have

Answer 6

pathologic stress frac

Question 7

What are the criteria that define what type of fracture it is

Answer 7

if it breaks through other tissue or not
how much did it break through the bone
what arrangement are the peices in

Question 8

What is an open fracture

Answer 8

when the bone breaks the surface of the skin

Question 9

What is another name for an open fracture

Answer 9

compound

Question 10

What is transverse fracture

Answer 10

a complete break straight across the bone

Question 11

What is an oblique frac

Answer 11

broken at an angle

Question 12

What is a spiral frac

Answer 12

one caused by a twist

Question 13

What are comminuted fractures

Answer 13

one area of the bone brakes into multiple peices

Question 14

Who usually experience comminuted fractures

Answer 14

unhealthy people like with disease for example

Question 15

What are segmental fractures

Answer 15

bone brakes in two areas so a “chunk” is separate from the rest of the boen

Question 16

What is a greenstick

Answer 16

bone is only partially broken (like a piece from the side is broken off)

Question 17

Who usually experience greenstick fracs

Answer 17

kiddos and diseased people

Question 18

Why do kids have more greenstick fractures

Answer 18

because their bone are more pliable

Question 19

What is reduction

Answer 19

the restoration of a fractured bone back into its normal anatomic position

Question 20

If you were to see a an xray of a fracture and the bone around the fracture was darker than normal what might that indicate

Answer 20

pathologic stress fracture like from a tumor

Question 21

What is a FOOSH

Answer 21

fall on out-stretched hands

Question 22

Who is most at risk of fractures

Answer 22

males 15-24, elderly >65

Question 23

What bones do younger people break more

Answer 23

Tibia, clavicle, lower humerus

Question 24

What bones do elderly break more

Answer 24

Upper femur/humerus, vertebra, pelvis

Question 25

Is it more common for a frac in a young person to come from trauma or diseases

Answer 25

trauma

Question 26

Fractures in the hands and feet are usually related to what

Answer 26

WRI’s

Question 27

What are the manifestations of fractures

Answer 27

Pain due to trauma, muscle spasm
Edema due to inflammation from soft tissue injury
Loss of ROM secondary to pain, edema
Visible deformity secondary to unnatural alignment
Circulation impairment
Neurovascular compromise

Question 28

What are some types of deformities

Answer 28

angulation, shortening, and rotation

Question 29

Open fractures have what

Answer 29

high infection rates

Question 30

What are some examples of deformities

Answer 30

shortening of a limb due to the bone healing in an incorrect spot
a limb being in a twisted angle to what it normally looks like

Question 31

What are angulation defs

Answer 31

fragments of the frac pushing up against soft tissue

Question 32

What are shortening defs

Answer 32

bones healing overtop of eachother because of the pull of their muscles

Question 33

What are rotation defs

Answer 33

When the frac causes the bone to move out of its normal longitudinal axis

Question 34

What are the diagnosis of fractures

Answer 34

Xray

Question 35

What are the treatments for fractures

Answer 35

Splinting to prevent further injury

Reduction (the term I mentioned earlier)