Osteomyelitis Flashcards
What is osteomyelitis
acute or chronic infection of the bone and marrow
What type of organisms cause osteomyelitis
Bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses
What is hematogenous (endogenous) osteomyelitis
Originates with infectious organisms that reach the bone through the bloodstream
Who is most likely to get endogenous osteomyelitis
Debilitated people, chronic skin infections, chronic UTI, IV drug use, immunologic suppressed
What is the pathophysiology of endogenous osteomyelitis in children
Infection affects the long bones (appendicular skeleton), inflammation/ vascular engorgement, edema, not enough room for swelling so purulent exudate goes beneath the periosteum, leads to necrosis of bone & abscess formation
What is the pathophysiology of endogenous osteomyelitis in adults
vertebrae, sternoclavicular, sacroiliac joints, pelvic are involved. Infection starts in subchondral bone then joint space
What are the manifestations of osteomyelitis in adults
Fever, malaise, anorexa, night sweats, weight loss, pain, loss of movement, tenderness (redness/swelling)
What is the treatment of osteomyelitis
Antimicrobial agents parenterally then orally, limb needs rest, debridement and surgical drainage
Where are endogenous osteomyelitis usually found
Cutaneous, sinus, ear, dental infections (primary sources of bacteria)
What is the hallmark feature of chronic osteomyelitis
presence of infected dead bone, sequestrum, that has separated from the living bone
What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in the US
Direct penetration/ extension of bacteria from outside (exogenous)
What is an exogenous osteomyelitis
human/animal bites, surgical procedures, open fractures
What is tuberculosis osteomyelitis
When TB spreads to the musculoskeletal system
What is affected in TB osteomyelitis
bone, joint, bursa, most common: spine, knees, hips
What are manifestations of osteomyelitis in children
High fever, pain, muscle spasm, redness, edema, loss of function
