Neurologic cells and messengers Flashcards
What are the neuroglial cells
support cells of the nervous system
What do neuroglial cells do
protect and provide metabolic support for neurons
What is the ratio of neuroglial cells to neurons
10-1 in both the CNS and PNS
What are the neuroglial cells of the PNS
schwann cells
satellite cells
What are the neuroglial cells of the CNS
astrocytes
ogliodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
Which part of the neuron carries impulses to it
the dendrites
Which part of the neuron carries impulses away from the neurion
the axon
What is the function of myelin sheaths
increases conduction speed
What cells have a myelin sheath around them
the schwann cells of the PNS and the ogliodendrocytes of the CNS
Does the brain have a high or low metabolic need
high
What % of Cardiac output does the brain receive
15
What % of the bodies oxygen does the brain use
20
How is a nerve impulse broken down
resting membrane potential- where the membrane has a neg charge on the inside compared to the outside
then depolarization- sodium channels open up and sodium flows into the cell
then repolarization- where potassium flows out of the cell to return the resting membrane potential
What the three groups that neurotransmitters are classified into
amino acids
peptide neurotransmitters
monoamines
What are some examples of amino acid neuroT’s
glutamic acid, glycine, and GABA
What are some examples of peptide neuroT’s
endorphins
enkephalins
What are some examples of monoamines neurotransmitters
epi and norepinephrine
What are the amino acid neuroT’s involved wioth
communication within the CNS
What are the peptide neuroT’s involved with
pain perception and sensation
What are the monoamines neuroT’s involved with
communication within the ANS
What do neuromodulators do
cause long-term subtle changes to the ion receptors by slowing down membrane excitability or increasing or decreasing the action of fast acting neuroT’s
What are some examples of neuromodulators
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
What do neurotrophic factors do
they influence the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neuronal and nonneuronal cells
What are neurotrophic factors essential for
the long term survival of presynaptic neurons
What are neurotrophic factors
polypeptides
Where are neurotrophic factors secreted from
the axon terminal
