Renal Inflammation: Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 1

What is nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 1

Characterized by massive proteinuria (excreting too much protein in urine), lipiduria

Question 2

What are the manifestations of Nephrotic Syndrome?

Answer 2

proteinuria, hypoalbumineamia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and vitamin D def

clinical r/t serum protein loss

Question 3

What is the pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome?

Answer 3

Increased permeability of glomerular basement membrane –> loss of protein

Question 4

What is the rate of proteinuria?

Answer 4

greater than or equal to 3.5g protein in urine/day + glomerular injury

Question 5

What is nephrotic syndrome a result of?

Answer 5

An increase in glomerular permeability and loss of plasma proteins in the urine

Question 6

What happens in nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 6

Increase in permeability allows proteins to escape from the plasma into the glomerular filtrate, leading to an excessive loss of albumin

Question 7

Why is there generalized edema?

Answer 7

Decrease in the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure due to the hypoalbuminemia that develops as albumin is lost from the vascular compartment, salt and water retention also aggrieves edema

Question 8

Why does hyperlipidemia occur?

Answer 8

increased synthesis of lipoproteins in the liver secondary to a compensatory increase in albumin production