Pulmonary Malignancies Flashcards
What are the different types of Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer?
Squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinomas
What are the growths of squamous, adenocarcinoma, and large cell?
Squamous: slow growth
Adenocarcinoma: moderate growth
Large cell: rapid growth
Who is most likely to be affected with squamous cell carcinoma
Men and smokers
Where is squamous cell usually found
Originates in central bronchi then to major bronchi and adjacent intrapulmonary lymph nodes
What is frequent in squamous cell
Central cavitation
What is the most common subtype of lung cancer in North America
Adenocarcinoma
Who is most likely to be affected in Adenocarcinoma
women and nonsmokers
What is adenocarcinoma
Malignant epithelial cell tumor with glandular differentiation or mucin production by the tumor cells
Where is adenocarcinoma usually found
located more peripheral in X-rays and associated with pleural fibrosis and scarring
Does adenocarcinoma have a poorer prognosis than squamous cell?
Yes
What are large cell carcinomas
Large, polygonal cells
group of neoplasms that are anapestic and difficult to categorize as squamous or adenocarcinoma
Where is large cell usually found
periphery of lung, invades bronchi and larger airways
Does large cell have a poor prognosis
Yes because they tend to spread to distant sites early
What is the etiology of pulmonary malignancies?
Smoking and genetic mutated stem cells
What are the manifestations of pulmonary malignancies?
Cough Hemoptysis Chest Pain Recurrent pneumonia Bronchitis
How does small cell lung cancer grow?
Very rapidly
How is small cell lung cancer characterized
small round to oval cells, size of a lymphocyte
Where are the tumors in small cell thought to arise from
Neuroendocrine cells of the bronchial epithelium, may secrete hormonally active products
How does one get small cell
cigarette smoking
All types of lung cancers have what
can synthesize bioactive products and produce paraneoplastic syndrome
Where are the most common sites of these metastases
Brain, bone, liver
How do you make a diagnosis of lung cancer?
History & physical exam, chest radiography, bronchoscopy, Pap test of sputum, percutaneous needle biopsy
What are the treatments of NSCLC
surgery (lobectomy, pneumonectomy, segmental resection of the lung), radiation therapy, systemic chemo
What are the treatments for SCLC
Chemo and radiation
