Renal Infections: UTI Flashcards
What is a cystitis?
Inflammation of bladder
What type of UTI is cystitis?
symptomatic lower UTI
What is UTI (cystitis) caused by?
E coli
Proteus mirabilis Pesudomonas Enteroccocus faecalis, Staph saprophyticus Klebsiella pneumoniae
What are the risk factors of UTI?
Premature newborns Prepubertal children Sexually active & pregnant women Women on antibiotics Spermicide users, diabetes
Is UTI (cystitis) complicated?
Uncomplicated mild w/o complications (localized inflammation in bladder)
Can UTI occur alone?
Yes or with pyelonephritis, prostatitis, or stones
Where does bacteria enter in a UTI?
Urethra
What are manifestations of cystitis?
frequent urination
urine is cloudy and foul smelling
lower abdominal/ back discomfort
burning and pain on urination
adults: fever and there signs of infection are usually absent
How do you diagnose a UTI?
Based on symptoms and examination of urine for presence of microorganisms
sometimes x-ray, ultrasonography, CT and renal scans to identify obstruction
urine test
What are urine tests for?
To find the presence of bacteria in the urine and a diagnosis fo UTI
What number (CFU) is needed to diagnose a person with a UTI?
100,000 colony forming units (CFU) or more
What are other diagnostic tests for UTI?
Chemical screening (urine dipstick)- markers of infection Urine culture- confirm presence of pathogenic bacteria
What is the treatment of UTI?
based on the pathogen causing the infection & contributing factors
for ecoli: antimicrobial therapy
fluids
What are recurrent lower UTIs
recur after treatment
What is a preventative measure for persons with frequent UTI?
Cranberry or blueberry juice to reduce bacterial adherence to the epithelial lining of the urinary track
Are UTIs more common in women than men?
Yes, women are 40 times more likely to develop a UTI (ages 16 to 35)
Why is it more common for women to have a UTI than men?
Shorter length of the female urethra, vaginal vestibule can be easily contaminated with fecal flora
