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2024 Vet physiology > Lecture 2: Osmosis, Tonicity, and Pressure > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Osmosis, Tonicity, and Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

flow of water across what type of membrane is due to differences in solute concentration (membrane blocks movement of solute)

A

Semipermeable membrane
- only allows water

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2
Q

Concentration difference of solutes causes differences in osmotic pressure, which will cause

A

Osmosis

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3
Q

Does osmosis occur because of pressure differences or by simple diffusion

A

Pressure differences

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4
Q

The side with the more solute will have greater/less osmotic pressure that will pull water over

A

greater

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5
Q

what type of pressure is defined as pulling pressure

A

osmotic pressure

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6
Q

what type of pressure is defined as pushing pressure

A

Hydrostatic pressure

aka “fluid pressure”

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7
Q

what type of pressure is this?

  • created by difference in solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane (impermeable to certain solutes)
  • measure of tendency of solution to pull in water
A

Osmotic Pressure

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8
Q

what type of pressure is this?

  • refers to the amount of hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis
A

Osmotic Pressure

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9
Q

What allows fluid exchange across capillaries

A

Osmotic and hydrostatic pressures very important in cells and blood vessels

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10
Q

what type of pressure is this?

  • pressure exerted by a stationary fluid at equilibrium
  • causes water / fluid to move or be pushed over
  • moving / flowing fluid against a membrane that deforms easily (plasma membrane) does not usually exert much pressure
A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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11
Q

what type of pressure is this?

  • fluid pressure usually causing water and some very small solutes to leave blood vessels
A

Hydrostatic pressure

  • you have to have some hydrostatic pressure on blood vessels to move blood from vein to skin, but enough osmotic pressure in skin to not push too much
  • interstitial / hydrostatic: fluid pressure between cells
  • blood/hydrostatic: exerted by fluid in blood vessels (usually high)
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12
Q

what type of pressure is defined as the pressure in tissues and cells?

A

osmotic / oncotic pressure

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13
Q

when you have high/low osmolarity (many solute particles) exerts high osmotic pressure to pull water into a space, such as a blood vessel

A

high

Osmotic pressure

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14
Q

What direction does fluid pressure favor

A

Pressures favor filtration out of capillaries into tissues

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15
Q

define osmolar concentrations

A

Express the osmotic strength of solutions such as urine, plasma, NaCl

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16
Q

define osmolarity

A

concentration of osmotically active particles per liter of solution

17
Q

define osmolality

A

concentration of osmotically active particles expressed as osmoles / kg of water

osmolality functionally same as osmolarity

18
Q

what terms is defined as soultions of equal soulte concentration
- same osmolarity / equal osmotic pressures

A

isosmotic

19
Q

what happens when a normal cell is placed into an isosmotic solution?

A

nothing

20
Q

what term refers to a solution with higher concentration of solute
- higher osomolarity compared to another solution
- solution exerts more pressure

A

hyperosmotic

21
Q

what terms refers to a solution with lower concentration of solute
- lower osmolarity compared to another solution
- solution exerts less pressure

A

hypo-osmotic

22
Q

what happens to a normal cell placed in a hyperosmotic solution?

A

the cell would shrink
fluid moves out of the cell

23
Q

what happens to a normal cell placed in a hypo-osmotic solution?

A

cell would enlarge (get bigger)

fluid moves into the solution

24
Q

what refers to a measure of the effective osmotic pressure

A

tissue tone

25
Q

what is the definition of Tonicity

A

response of cells or tissues immersed in the solution

26
Q

A solution is ________ to cells/tissues if cell/tissues neither swell nor shrink when immersed in solution

A

isotonic

27
Q

A solution is ________ to cells/tissues if cells/tissues swell when immersed in solution

A

Hypotonic

28
Q

A solution is ________ to cells/tissues if cells/tissues shrink when immersed in a soultion

A

Hypertonic

29
Q

Oncotic pressure is also called ________ pressure

A

colloid osmotic pressure

30
Q

what is defined as the form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, albumin, within blood vessels
- tends to pull water into blood vessels

A

Colloid osmotic pressure

31
Q

what type of pressure opposes interstitial colloidal osmotic pressure
- tissue proteins that want to pull water out of vessels)

A

oncotic pressure

32
Q

Decrease in blood oncotic pressure = what type of issue?

A

edema
- whitening of skin

2024 Vet physiology (74 decks)

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