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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 4: Lecture 49- AI Questions > Flashcards

Exam 4: Lecture 49- AI Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal physiological pH range?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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2
Q

What is an acid in terms of H+?

A

H+ donor

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3
Q

What is a base in terms of H+?

A

H+ acceptor

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4
Q

What type of acid is CO2?

A

Volatile acid

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5
Q

What type of acids are fixed acids?

A

Non-volatile acids

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6
Q

What happens if pH is below 6.8?

A

Death

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7
Q

What happens if pH is above 8.0?

A

Death

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8
Q

What is the pH for acidosis?

A

Below 7.35

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9
Q

What is the pH for alkalosis?

A

Above 7.45

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10
Q

What enzyme catalyzes CO2 hydration?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

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11
Q

What equation calculates pH with bicarbonate?

A

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

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12
Q

What condition results from high CO2?

A

Acidosis

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13
Q

What condition results from low CO2?

A

Alkalosis

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14
Q

What is produced by cellular metabolism?

A

CO2

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15
Q

What ion does acid donate?

A

H+

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16
Q

What ion does a base accept?

A

H+

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17
Q

What is the main volatile acid in the body?

A

CO2

18
Q

What acid is produced from membrane lipid breakdown?

A

Phosphoric acid

19
Q

What acid results from protein metabolism?

A

Sulfuric acid

20
Q

What acid forms during hypoxia?

A

Lactic acid

21
Q

What kind of acids are controlled by the lungs?

A

Volatile acids

22
Q

What pH is death threshold for alkalosis?

A

Above 8.0

23
Q

What happens to enzymes outside narrow pH range?

A

Denature

24
Q

What kind of acidosis can diabetes cause?

A

Metabolic acidosis

25
Q

What is the body’s main buffer system?

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

26
Q

What does a buffer system resist?

A

Change in pH

27
Q

What is a buffer composed of?

A

Weak acid and base

28
Q

What do buffer pairs consist of?

A

Acid-base pairs

29
Q

What acid is a main buffer component?

A

Carbonic acid

30
Q

What is the bicarbonate anion formula?

A

HCO3-

31
Q

What is a weak acid example?

A

Carbonic acid

32
Q

What is the effect of acidosis on heart rate?

A

Decreases

33
Q

What is the effect of alkalosis on muscle function?

A

Relaxation

34
Q

What does CO2 form when dissolved in water?

A

Carbonic acid

35
Q

What system removes volatile acids?

A

Lungs

36
Q

What system removes fixed acids?

A

Kidneys

37
Q

What acid accumulates in diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Ketoacids

38
Q

What pH level is tightly controlled in extracellular fluid?

A

7.4

39
Q

What happens when membrane potential changes due to pH?

A

Depolarizes

40
Q

What happens to hormone function at altered pH?

A

Reduces

2024 Vet physiology (76 decks)

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