Exam 5: Lecture 64: Mechanism of hormones action and second messengers: AI Questions

Question 1

Which of the following determines the response of a target tissue to a hormone?
A) Hormone concentration
B) Receptor number
C) Affinity of the receptor
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The hormone dose-response curve is used to measure:
A) The speed of hormone action
B) The magnitude of tissue response
C) The degradation rate of hormones
D) The half-life of the hormone

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a peptide hormone?
A) Testosterone
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Aldosterone

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sensitivity of a hormone can be increased by:
A) Down-regulation of receptors
B) Decreasing the hormone dose
C) Up-regulation of receptors
D) Short feedback loops

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Which of the following hormones uses the adenylyl cyclase second messenger system?
A) Oxytocin
B) TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)
C) Estrogen
D) Testosterone

Answer 5

B

Question 6

What is the primary function of second messengers in hormone action?
A) To transport hormones in the bloodstream
B) To amplify the signal inside the cell
C) To bind directly to DNA
D) To degrade the hormone

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Which hormone receptor system involves G-protein activation?
A) Intracellular receptor system
B) Catalytic receptor system
C) Classic cell membrane receptor system
D) Nuclear receptor system

Answer 7

C

Question 8

Which of the following hormones uses the phospholipase C system?
A) Glucagon
B) FSH
C) GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
D) Cortisol

Answer 8

C

Question 9

Down-regulation of receptors occurs when:
A) Hormone levels are low
B) There is a decrease in receptor synthesis
C) Receptor affinity is increased
D) Hormone response is heightened

Answer 9

B

Question 10

The receptor tyrosine kinase system is activated by:
A) Peptide hormones
B) Insulin
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Thyroid hormones

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Which second messenger system is utilized by adenylyl cyclase?
A) cGMP
B) cAMP
C) IP3
D) DAG

Answer 11

B

Question 12

Which of the following hormones is classified as a steroid hormone?
A) Epinephrine
B) Glucagon
C) Aldosterone
D) Calcitonin

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Intracellular receptors typically bind:
A) Peptide hormones
B) Catecholamines
C) Steroid hormones
D) Protein hormones

Answer 13

C

Question 14

The phospholipase C system results in the production of:
A) cAMP
B) cGMP
C) IP3 and DAG
D) ATP

Answer 14

C

Question 15

An example of a hormone utilizing intracellular receptor systems is:
A) Insulin
B) Thyroid hormone
C) Oxytocin
D) Calcitonin

Answer 15

B

Question 16

Which enzyme degrades cAMP in the adenylyl cyclase system?
A) Phospholipase C
B) Protein kinase C
C) Phosphodiesterase
D) Adenylyl cyclase

Answer 16

C

Question 17

Which hormone type acts rapidly due to its action at the cell membrane?
A) Steroid hormones
B) Thyroid hormones
C) Peptide hormones
D) Vitamin D

Answer 17

C

Question 18

The JAK-STAT pathway is an example of:
A) A classic second messenger system
B) A tyrosine kinase-associated receptor system
C) An intracellular receptor system
D) A G-protein coupled receptor system

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Which hormone is associated with the cGMP signaling pathway?
A) Glucagon
B) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
C) Cortisol
D) Prolactin

Answer 19

B

Question 20

Up-regulation of receptors leads to:
A) Decreased hormone sensitivity
B) Increased hormone sensitivity
C) Reduced receptor numbers
D) Down-regulation of enzyme activity

Answer 20

B

Question 21

Which hormone utilizes both the adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C systems?
A) ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
B) Progesterone
C) Glucagon
D) Calcitonin

Answer 21

A

Question 22

Second messengers such as IP3 cause:
A) Protein synthesis
B) Calcium release from intracellular stores
C) DNA transcription
D) Lipid breakdown

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Which hormone initiates DNA transcription after binding its receptor?
A) Estrogen
B) Epinephrine
C) Insulin
D) FSH

Answer 23

A

Question 24

Steroid hormone receptors are typically found:
A) On the cell surface
B) In the cytoplasm or nucleus
C) In the extracellular matrix
D) In the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 24

B

Question 25

cAMP activates which of the following enzymes?
A) Protein kinase A
B) Protein kinase C
C) Phosphodiesterase
D) Adenylyl cyclase

Answer 25

A

Question 26

Hormones like cortisol and testosterone utilize:
A) G-protein coupled receptors
B) Catalytic receptors
C) Intracellular receptors
D) Ion channel-linked receptors

Answer 26

C

Question 27

An increase in receptor number due to low hormone levels is called:
A) Down-regulation
B) Desensitization
C) Up-regulation
D) Feedback inhibition

Answer 27

C

Question 28

The response time of intracellular receptor systems is typically:
A) Seconds
B) Minutes
C) Hours
D) Milliseconds

Answer 28

C

Question 29

A hormone receptor system that directly activates an enzyme on the receptor itself is:
A) G-protein coupled receptor
B) Intracellular receptor
C) Receptor tyrosine kinase
D) Ion channel-linked receptor

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a second messenger?
A) cAMP
B) IP3
C) Calcium
D) Testosterone

Answer 30

D