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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 2: Lecture 19 and 20 (I screwed this up) > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lecture 19 and 20 (I screwed this up) Flashcards

1
Q

What type of inotropic effect is described as

  • increase in ejection fraction
  • increase stroke volume and cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
A

positive inotropic effect

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2
Q

What type of inotropic effect is described as

  • decrease stroke volume and cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
  • decrease ejection fraction
A

Negative inotropic effect

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3
Q

Why type of inotropic effect is described as

  • decrease stretch
A

negative inotropic effect

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4
Q

What type of inotropic effect is described as

  • giving fluids to animals
  • stretch in ventricles
A

positive inotropic effect

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5
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • end of diastole
A

1

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6
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • left ventricle filled with blood from left atrium - end diastolic volume
  • 140 mL
A

1

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7
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • venticular muscle is relaxed
  • ventricle is relaxed = activates = contracts = ventricular pressure increases
A

1-2

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8
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • all valves are closed
  • ventricular volume is constant
  • isovolumeteric contraction
A

1-2

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9
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • ventricular pressure becomes quite high
A

2

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10
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • left ventricular pressure is higher than aortic pressure
  • aortic valve opens
  • blood ejected rapidly due to pressure
A

2-3

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11
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • left ventricle pressure reamins high beacuse it is still contracting
  • left ventricle pressure decreases as blood moves from left ventricle to aorta
A

2-3

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12
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • blood left in the left ventricle
  • end diastolic volume
  • 70 mL
A

3

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13
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • systole ends
A

3-4

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14
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • ventricles relax
  • ventricular pressure decreases below aortic valve and they (aortia valves) close
A

3-4

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15
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • ventricular volume remains the same (isovolumetric)
  • 70 mL
  • All valves are closed
A

3-4

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16
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • ventricular pressure fallen below left atrial pressure
  • mitral (AV) valve opens
  • left ventricle fills with blood from left atrium passively
A

4-1

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17
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • atrial contraction
  • left ventricular volume increases back to end-diasoltic volume
  • 140 mL
A

4-1

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18
Q

What point on the graph descibes

  • ventricular muscle relaxed
  • pressure increases slightly as the compliant ventricles fill with blood
A

4-1

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19
Q

what effect causes

  • venous return increases
  • increase in end-diastolic volume
  • increase in stroke volume
  • afterload and contracality stay constant
A

increased preload
- end diastolic volume

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20
Q

what effect causes

  • increase in aortic pressure in the ventriclar cycle
  • eject blood against greater than normal pressure
  • left ventricle pressure is greater than normal
A

increased afterload

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21
Q

what effect causes

  • decrease blood ejected from ventricles during systole
  • decrease stroke volume
  • end-diastolic volume increases
A

increased afterload

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22
Q

what effect causes

  • if more of the concentration is spent in isovolumetric contraction to match the higher afterload
  • the less of the contraction is leftover and is available for ejection of the stroke volume
A

increased afterload

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23
Q

what effect causes

  • ventricles can develop greater tension and pressure during systole and eject a larger volume of blood than normal
  • end systolic volume decreases
A

increases contractility on the ventricular cycle

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24
Q

what is needed when you have an increase in work of the heart, increased activity to make sure the heart is healthy and determines HR

A

increased myocardial oxygen consumption

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25
Q

When you are sick what happens to oxygen consumption

A

increase in more consumption of myocardial oxygen consumption to increase force

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26
Q

What is the main determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption

A

heart rate

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27
Q

What causes the following

  • decrease signals in the body
  • hytrophy
  • increase in muscle
  • increase in ventricular wall tension
A

decrease in blood flow

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28
Q

what happens in block A

A

isovolumetric ventricular contraction

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29
Q

what happens in block B

A

rapid ventricular ejection

30
Q

what happens in block C

A

reduced ventricular ejection

31
Q

what happens in block D

A

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

32
Q

what happens in block E

A

Rapid ventricular filling

33
Q

what happens in block F

A

Reduced ventricular filling

34
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • atria contracts
  • final phase of ventricular filling
A

4th

35
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • P wave
  • PR interval
A

4th

36
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • mitral valve closes
A

1st

37
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • QRS complex
A

1st

38
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • ventricles contract
  • ventricular pressure increases
  • ventricular pressure is constant
  • all valves are closed
A

1st

39
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • atrial systole
A

4th

40
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • isovolumetric ventricular contraction
A

1st

41
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • mitral valves open
A

3rd

42
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • rapid ventricualr filling
A

3rd

43
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • ventricles relaxed
  • ventricles fill passively with blood from atria
  • ventricular volume increase
  • ventricular pressure is low and constant
A

3rd

44
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • isovolumeteric ventricular relaxation
A

2nd

45
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • ventricles relaxed
  • ventricular pressure decreases
  • ventricular volume is constant
A

2nd

46
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • Aortic valve closes
A

2nd

47
Q

What valve is the most common to get diseased in the heart (leak)

A

Mitral

48
Q

what is the effect when you incerase velocity in the ventricles

A

abnormal sounds

49
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • S1
A

1st

50
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • mitral and tricupside valves closed
A

1st

51
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • S2
A

2nd

52
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • Aortic and pulmonary valves close
A

2nd

53
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • S3
A

third heart sound

54
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • ventricular filling
A

3rd

55
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • S4
A

4th

56
Q

What heart sound is present when

  • atrial filling
A

4th

57
Q

What happens if compliance of the veins decrease

A

veins hold less blood and blood shift from unstressed volume to stressed volume

58
Q

Where does unstressed volume stay

A

veins

59
Q

where does stressed volume stay

A

arteries

60
Q

What is unstressed volume

A

volume of blood the veins can hold

61
Q

What is stressed volume

A

volume of blood in the arteries

62
Q

What does TPR stand for and how is it determined

A

total peripheral resistance
- determines mainly by the resistance of arterioles

63
Q

increase or decrease in TPR

  • Right atrial pressure = increase in venous return
  • decrease in resistance of arterioles = easier for blood to flow from the atrial to the ventral side of circulation and back to the heart
A

decrease in TPR

64
Q

Increase or decrease in TPR

  • Right atrium pressure = decrease in venous return
  • increase in resistance of the arterioles = more difficult for blood from the atria to the side of venous side and back to the heart
A

increase TPR

65
Q

+ or - inotropic effect

  • increase in stroke volume
  • increase in cardiac output for any level of right atrial pressure decreases
A

+

66
Q

+ or - inotropic effect

  • decrease contractility
  • decreases cardiac output for any level of the right atrium pressure
A

-

67
Q

Does the cure move up or down during positive inotropic effect

A

upwards
- more blood ejected from the heart on even beats due to increase contractility

68
Q

Does the steady state of vascular function curve move up or down during + inotropic effect

A

upwards and towards the left

69
Q

Does the curve move up or down during negative inotropic effect

A

downward

70
Q

Does the steady state of the vascular curve move up or down during - inotropic effect

A

downwards

71
Q

+ or - inotropic effect

  • decreases cardiac output
  • Right atrial pressure increases
  • less blood is ejected from the heart on each beat
  • decreases contractility
  • decrease stroke volume
A

-

2024 Vet physiology (76 decks)

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