Exam 3: Lecture 27: Renal anatomy and glomerular structure

Question 1

What are the three hormones that endocrine organs synthesise and secrete?

Answer 1

renin
erythropoieten
vitamin D

Question 2

What is the result of either having no kidneys or low functintion kidneys

Answer 2

death

Question 3

What is this a result from?

• uremia solute poising
• hyperkalemia
• metabolic acidosis
• dehydration or overhydration
• anemia

Answer 3

no kidneys or low functioning kidneys

Question 4

What is the effect on intersitial pH and intracellular pH when GFR decreases on hydrogen ion retention?

Answer 4

decreases in both

Question 5

What are obligatory waste products the kidneys are responsible for removing?

Answer 5

• excess vitamins
• water souble (vitamin D) released from the urine
• any exogenous compounds consumed from the diet and some endogenous EX: exess water

Asparagus pee

Question 6

What is nephrology?

Answer 6

study of the kidney

Question 7

What is urology

Answer 7

study of urine

Question 8

What is the shape of the kidney

Answer 8

bean shaped

Question 9

What cavity does the kidney sit in?

Answer 9

retroperitoneal cavity

Question 10

What is the outer region of the kidney

Answer 10

cortex

Question 11

What is the central region of the kidney
- outer and inner portion
- outer is closer to the cortex and inner is deeper

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

What is the most inner tip of the inner medulla

Answer 12

papilla

• this is where fluid that is going to become urine empites into the major and minor kalocies going towards the ureter

Question 13

What is number 1

pg 6

Answer 13

renal cortex

Question 14

What is number 2

pg 6

Answer 14

renal medulla

Question 15

What is number 3

pg 6

Answer 15

renal papilla

Question 16

Define the anatomical structure of the bovine kidney

pg 7

Answer 16

lobulated
- around 12 lobes

no renal pelvis - ureters enter kidney and divide into cranial and caudal branches

Question 17

Define the anatomical structure of the goat and sheep kidney

pg 7

Answer 17

resemble the dogs

Question 18

Define the anatomical structure of the pig kidey

pg 7

Answer 18

flat and pale

Question 19

What is the functional and structural unit of the kidney

Answer 19

nephron

Question 20

What are the two sections of the nephron

Answer 20

glomerulus
renal tubule

Question 21

What is defined as a capillary network emerging from an afferent arteriole and exiting via an efferent arteriole

Answer 21

golmerulus

Question 22

What is defined as supplying the glomeruli with blood to filter
- important role in regulation of blood pressure and GFR

Answer 22

afferent arterioles

Question 23

What is defined as carrying blood away fro the glomeruli after some is filtered
- not all will be filtered in the that path, but we have tons of nephrons so it will get its chance
- similar in diameter compared to afferent arterioles and also able to regulate GFR

Answer 23

efferent arterioles

Question 24

What are capillaries surrounded by (space) which continues with the proximal convulated tubular
- then eventually down into the proximal convulated tubule
- first step in urine formation

Answer 24

bowmans capsule

Question 25

What is the first step in urine formation

Answer 25

blood filters from capillary network into bowmans space

Question 26

What is defined as a tubular strucure lined with epithelial cells that function to reabsorb and secrete

Answer 26

renal tubule

Question 27

What are the two types of nephrons

Answer 27

superficial cortical nephorn
Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 28

Superficial cortical or Juxtamedullay nephron:

• glomeruli in outer cortex

Answer 28

Superficial cortical

Question 29

Superficial cortical or Juxtamedullay nephron:

• relatively short loops of henele descending into only the outer medulla

Answer 29

superficial cortical

Question 30

Superficial cortical or Juxtamedullay nephron:

• glomeruli near the aorticomedullary border

Answer 30

Juxtamedullary

Question 31

Superficial cortical or Juxtamedullay nephron:

• glomeruli larger
• which has higher GFR

Answer 31

Juxtamedullary

Question 32

Superficial cortical or Juxtamedullay nephron:

• long loops of henle: reaching deeper into the inner medualla and essential to concentrate urnie

Answer 32

Jextamedullary

Question 33

How does blood enter the kidney

Answer 33

renal artery

Question 34

Renal artery branches into segmental, interloabr, arcuate, then cortical radiate arteries which subdivide into (afferent or efferent) arterioles

Answer 34

afferent

Question 35

afferent arterioles supply the ________, where ultrafiltration occurs

Answer 35

glomerulus

Question 36

How does blood leave the glomerulus

Answer 36

efferent arterioles

Question 37

After blood leave the glomerulus where does it enter to move through small veins and then the renal vein

Answer 37

peritubular capillaries

Question 38

What do peritubular capillaries branch from?

Answer 38

efferent arterioles

Question 39

Blood goes into the paratubular capillaries that surrounds the renal tubule. reabsorption from filtered blood will end up going into the paratubular capillaries that help with (reabsorption or secretion)

Answer 39

reabsorption

Question 40

What is the major function of paratubules capillaries that surround the nephron

Answer 40

reabsorb solutes and water from unfiltrate
- stuff moving through the renal tubule

Question 41

in Juxtamedullary nephrons what do peritubular capillaries have that are long hairpin shaped vessles that surround the loop oh henele

Answer 41

vasa recta

Question 42

What type of exhange helps produce concentrated urine because they have long loops of henle and vasa recta

Answer 42

osmotic exchange