Exam 5: Lecture 71: Endocrine Pancrease 1: AI Questions

Question 1

The main cell type responsible for insulin production in the pancreas is:
A) α-cells
B) β-cells
C) δ-cells
D) PP cells

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which glucose transporter is primarily responsible for glucose uptake in pancreatic β-cells?
A) GLUT 1
B) GLUT 2
C) GLUT 3
D) GLUT 4

Answer 2

B

Question 3

During the synthesis of insulin, the connecting peptide (C-peptide) is important because:
A) It activates insulin receptors
B) It is required for insulin secretion
C) It is used as a marker of endogenous insulin production
D) It binds to glucose transporters

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following substances inhibits insulin secretion?
A) Amino acids
B) Somatostatin
C) Vagal stimulation
D) Glucagon

Answer 4

B

Question 5

The incretin effect refers to:
A) Increased insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose
B) Greater insulin response to oral glucose compared to intravenous glucose
C) Decreased glucagon secretion after a meal
D) Enhanced insulin action on muscle cells

Answer 5

B

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for phosphorylating glucose in pancreatic β-cells?
A) Hexokinase
B) Glucokinase
C) Lactase
D) Pyruvate kinase

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Insulin binds to which type of receptor on target cells?
A) G-protein coupled receptor
B) Nuclear receptor
C) Tyrosine kinase receptor
D) Ion channel receptor

Answer 7

C

Question 8

The primary action of insulin on adipose tissue is to:
A) Increase gluconeogenesis
B) Increase lipogenesis
C) Decrease glucose uptake
D) Stimulate protein catabolism

Answer 8

B

Question 9

Which glucose transporter is insulin-dependent and found in skeletal muscle?
A) GLUT 1
B) GLUT 2
C) GLUT 3
D) GLUT 4

Answer 9

D

Question 10

In the absence of insulin, which tissue is still capable of glucose uptake?
A) Adipose tissue
B) Skeletal muscle
C) Brain
D) Heart

Answer 10

C

Question 11

The release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells is triggered by:
A) Hyperpolarization of the cell membrane
B) Opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels
C) Depolarization and influx of calcium
D) Decreased intracellular calcium levels

Answer 11

C

Question 12

The function of somatostatin in the endocrine pancreas is to:
A) Stimulate insulin secretion
B) Inhibit both insulin and glucagon secretion
C) Enhance glucose uptake in the liver
D) Increase C-peptide production

Answer 12

B

Question 13

Which of the following is an insulin-independent glucose transporter found in the liver?
A) GLUT 1
B) GLUT 2
C) GLUT 4
D) GLUT 5

Answer 13

B

Question 14

A key difference between insulin action in muscle and liver cells is that:
A) Muscle cells do not store glucose as glycogen
B) Liver cells do not require insulin for glucose uptake
C) Insulin does not stimulate protein synthesis in muscle cells
D) Liver cells are unable to produce glucose

Answer 14

B

Question 15

Which hormone is known to stimulate insulin secretion in a feed-forward manner during digestion?
A) Glucagon
B) GIP (Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide)
C) Epinephrine
D) Cortisol

Answer 15

B

Question 16

In fasting animals, the primary hormone secreted by the pancreas to increase blood glucose is:
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Somatostatin
D) C-peptide

Answer 16

B

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely decrease insulin secretion?
A) Increased blood glucose
B) Increased blood amino acids
C) Vagal nerve stimulation
D) Exercise

Answer 17

D

Question 18

The insulin receptor complex, once internalized, can be:
A) Permanently degraded
B) Recycled back to the cell surface
C) Secreted into the bloodstream
D) Stored in lysosomes

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Which glucose transporter is primarily found in red blood cells?
A) GLUT 1
B) GLUT 2
C) GLUT 3
D) GLUT 4

Answer 19

A

Question 20

In response to low blood glucose, α-cells of the pancreas secrete:
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Somatostatin
D) Amylin

Answer 20

B

Question 21

The main effect of glucagon on the liver is to:
A) Stimulate lipogenesis
B) Inhibit gluconeogenesis
C) Stimulate glycogenolysis
D) Increase protein synthesis

Answer 21

C

Question 22

Insulin’s primary effect on skeletal muscle cells is to:
A) Increase gluconeogenesis
B) Increase glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis
C) Inhibit protein synthesis
D) Increase lipolysis

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Which hormone primarily opposes the action of insulin?
A) Epinephrine
B) Somatostatin
C) Glucagon
D) Cortisol

Answer 23

C

Question 24

Which hormone primarily opposes the action of insulin?
A) Epinephrine
B) Somatostatin
C) Glucagon
D) Cortisol

Answer 24

B

Question 25

The transporter responsible for glucose uptake in the intestine that is NOT regulated by insulin is:
A) GLUT 4
B) GLUT 2
C) GLUT 1
D) SGLT1 (Sodium-glucose linked transporter 1)

Answer 25

D

Question 26

During exercise, muscle cells increase glucose uptake primarily by:
A) Increasing the expression of GLUT 1
B) Mobilizing GLUT 4 to the cell membrane independently of insulin
C) Enhancing insulin secretion from the pancreas
D) Using GLUT 2 transporters instead of GLUT 4

Answer 26

B

Question 27

The primary signal that triggers insulin release from β-cells is:
A) High blood amino acid levels
B) High blood glucose levels
C) Low blood fatty acid levels
D) Elevated cortisol levels

Answer 27

B

Question 28

Which of the following would most likely inhibit insulin secretion?
A) Vagal stimulation
B) High plasma free fatty acids
C) High plasma leptin levels
D) Oral glucose intake

Answer 28

C

Question 29

The glucose transporter responsible for basal glucose uptake in most tissues, including the brain, is:
A) GLUT 1
B) GLUT 2
C) GLUT 3
D) GLUT 4

Answer 29

A

Question 30

Which enzyme is activated by insulin to promote glycogen synthesis in the liver?
A) Glucokinase
B) Glycogen phosphorylase
C) Glycogen synthase
D) Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 30

C

Question 31

In the case of chronic hyperglycemia, the primary cause of reduced insulin sensitivity is:
A) Increased GLUT 4 expression
B) Downregulation of insulin receptors
C) Increased secretion of somatostatin
D) Enhanced glucagon production

Answer 31

B

Question 32

Which of the following hormones enhances the effect of insulin on muscle cells by increasing glucose uptake?
A) Epinephrine
B) Growth hormone
C) Incretins (e.g., GLP-1)
D) Cortisol

Answer 32

C

Question 33

In diabetic patients, a lack of insulin leads to increased lipolysis due to:
A) Activation of GLUT 4 transporters
B) Decreased inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase
C) Increased stimulation of glycogen synthase
D) Enhanced production of somatostatin

Answer 33

B

Question 34

Which of the following best describes the action of glucagon on adipose tissue?
A) Increases lipogenesis
B) Stimulates glucose uptake
C) Enhances lipolysis
D) Inhibits fatty acid release

Answer 34

C

Question 35

The major difference between GLUT 4 and GLUT 2 transporters is that:
A) GLUT 4 is insulin-independent, while GLUT 2 is insulin-dependent
B) GLUT 4 is found in liver cells, while GLUT 2 is found in adipose tissue
C) GLUT 4 is insulin-dependent, while GLUT 2 is insulin-independent
D) GLUT 4 is primarily expressed in the brain, while GLUT 2 is in skeletal muscle

Answer 35

C