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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 5: Lecture 73: Regulation of calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism: AI Questions > Flashcards

Exam 5: Lecture 73: Regulation of calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism: AI Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels?
A) Calcitonin
B) Vitamin D
C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D) Insulin

A

C

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2
Q

The majority of calcium in the body is stored in:
A) Blood plasma
B) Soft tissues
C) Bone matrix
D) Liver

A

C

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3
Q

Which of the following would likely increase the release of PTH?
A) High blood calcium levels
B) Low blood phosphate levels
C) Low blood calcium levels
D) High magnesium levels

A

C

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4
Q

The primary action of calcitonin is to:
A) Increase blood calcium levels
B) Decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption
C) Stimulate PTH secretion
D) Enhance vitamin D synthesis

A

B

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5
Q

PTH acts on the kidneys to:
A) Increase phosphate reabsorption
B) Increase calcium reabsorption
C) Decrease magnesium reabsorption
D) Inhibit vitamin D activation

A

B

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6
Q

Which of the following is the active form of vitamin D?
A) 7-dehydrocholesterol
B) 25-hydroxyvitamin D
C) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol)
D) Vitamin D3

A

B

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7
Q

In hypoparathyroidism, you would expect to find:
A) Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
B) Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
C) Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
D) Normal calcium and phosphate levels

A

B

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

The primary site of vitamin D activation is the:
A) Stomach
B) Liver
C) Kidneys
D) Intestines

A

C

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9
Q

The effect of PTH on bone is to:
A) Increase bone formation
B) Inhibit osteoclast activity
C) Stimulate bone resorption and release calcium
D) Decrease calcium absorption from the intestines

A

C

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10
Q

Which condition is most likely to cause secondary hyperparathyroidism?
A) Low dietary calcium intake
B) Excess vitamin D supplementation
C) High dietary phosphate intake
D) Hypoglycemia

A

C

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11
Q

The binding of PTH to its receptor activates:
A) Tyrosine kinase pathway
B) G-protein coupled receptor/cAMP pathway
C) Nuclear receptor pathway
D) JAK-STAT pathway

A

B

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12
Q

The main effect of vitamin D on the intestines is to:
A) Decrease calcium absorption
B) Increase phosphate excretion
C) Enhance calcium and phosphate absorption
D) Inhibit magnesium absorption

A

C

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13
Q

Calcitonin is synthesized by:
A) Chief cells of the parathyroid gland
B) Osteoblasts
C) Parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland
D) Hepatocytes

A

C

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14
Q

Calcitonin is synthesized by:
A) Chief cells of the parathyroid gland
B) Osteoblasts
C) Parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland
D) Hepatocytes

A

C

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15
Q

Hypercalcemia is typically associated with:
A) Tetany and muscle spasms
B) Polyuria, polydipsia, and lethargy
C) Low blood pressure
D) Increased nerve excitability

A

B

16
Q

The role of magnesium in calcium metabolism includes:
A) Inhibiting vitamin D synthesis
B) Enhancing calcium absorption from the intestines
C) Stimulating PTH release
D) Increasing phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys

A

C

17
Q

A deficiency in vitamin D would most likely result in:
A) Hypercalcemia and bone fractures
B) Hypocalcemia and rickets
C) Hyperphosphatemia and osteopetrosis
D) Normal calcium and phosphate levels

A

B

18
Q

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood calcium levels?
A) PTH
B) Calcitonin
C) Glucagon
D) Aldosterone

A

B

19
Q

The interaction between PTH and vitamin D in bone metabolism results in:
A) Decreased bone resorption
B) Increased bone mineralization
C) Increased release of calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream
D) Inhibition of osteoclast activity

A

C

20
Q

In chronic kidney disease, impaired vitamin D activation can lead to:
A) Hypercalcemia and increased bone density
B) Hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism
C) Hyperphosphatemia and hypoparathyroidism
D) Increased PTH degradation

A

B

21
Q

The effect of alkalosis on ionized calcium levels in the blood is to:
A) Increase ionized calcium by decreasing protein binding
B) Decrease ionized calcium by increasing protein binding
C) Increase total calcium concentration
D) Decrease total calcium concentration

A

B

22
Q

The primary effect of calcitonin on the kidneys is to:
A) Increase calcium reabsorption
B) Inhibit phosphate reabsorption
C) Decrease calcium reabsorption
D) Enhance vitamin D activation

A

C

23
Q

In response to low blood calcium, the parathyroid glands release PTH, which acts to:
A) Increase renal excretion of calcium
B) Stimulate bone formation
C) Increase calcium absorption in the intestines
D) Decrease phosphate absorption in the intestines

A

C

24
Q

Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperparathyroidism?
A) Muscle cramps
B) Renal calculi (kidney stones)
C) Decreased urine output
D) Hypophosphatemia

A

B

25
Q

The active transport of calcium in the intestines is primarily regulated by:
A) PTH
B) Vitamin D
C) Calcitonin
D) Magnesium

A

B

26
Q

Which of the following would likely stimulate the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D?
A) High blood calcium levels
B) Low blood phosphate levels
C) High blood phosphate levels
D) High magnesium levels

A

B

27
Q

The release of PTH is inhibited by:
A) Low blood phosphate
B) High blood calcium
C) Low blood magnesium
D) High levels of calcitonin

A

B

28
Q

In primary hyperparathyroidism, you would expect:
A) Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
B) Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
C) Normocalcemia and low PTH
D) Hypophosphatemia and low PTH

A

A

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin D?
A) Enhancing calcium absorption from the intestines
B) Increasing phosphate absorption
C) Inhibiting bone resorption
D) Promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys

A

C

30
Q

Chronic hypocalcemia would most likely result in:
A) Increased calcitonin secretion
B) Decreased PTH secretion
C) Secondary hyperparathyroidism
D) Hyperphosphatemia

A

C

31
Q

Chronic hypocalcemia would most likely result in:
A) Increased calcitonin secretion
B) Decreased PTH secretion
C) Secondary hyperparathyroidism
D) Hyperphosphatemia

A

A

32
Q

In cases of vitamin D toxicity, the expected lab findings would include:
A) Hypocalcemia and low phosphate
B) Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
C) Normal calcium and low phosphate
D) Hypophosphatemia and low PTH

A

B

33
Q

Hypoparathyroidism is most commonly caused by:
A) Chronic renal failure
B) Autoimmune destruction of the parathyroid glands
C) Excess vitamin D intake
D) Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

B

34
Q

The primary action of phosphate in the body is to:
A) Act as a cofactor for vitamin D synthesis
B) Buffer hydrogen ions and maintain acid-base balance
C) Increase calcium deposition in soft tissues
D) Enhance magnesium absorption in the intestines

A

B

2024 Vet physiology (76 decks)

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