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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 2: Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What are in the carotid artery, aorta, and bifurcation off the aorta at the sights to keep arterial pressure at the right values

A

Pressoreceptors

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2
Q

Is the Baroreceptor system slow or fast

A

extremly fast

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3
Q

What is located in the walls of the carotid sinus, aortic arch
- relay information about blood pressure to cardiovascular vasomotor centers in the brainsteam
- vasomotor center gives ANS commonds
- type of mechanoceptor

A

Baroreceptor

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4
Q

What type of receptor is sensitive to pressure, stretch and changes in membrane potential

A

Baroreceptor

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5
Q

What nerve is used in the carotid sinus baroreceptor to see an increase in cardiac decelerator using the PNS to decrease SA node and decrease contractability on the heart

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve

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6
Q

What nerve in the aortic arch baroreceptor see a decrease in cardiac accelerator and vasoconstrication to either cause a increase in the SA node / contractility or an increase in the arterioles and veins

A

CN X - vagus nerve

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7
Q

What is the result on the heart as blood pressure decreases and streatch decreases to get blood flow back to normal

A

HR increases

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8
Q

If blood pressure gets too low you will activate the (PNS or SNS) to contstric muscles, constrict blood vessels, etc.

A

SNS

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9
Q

What helps with regulation of:

  • blood pressure / blood volume
  • adaptive responses
  • chronic diseases
  • back up system that changes volumes and contraction/dilation to maintain oxygen demand to all tissues (cardiac output)
A

RAAS System
- Renin-angiotension-Aldesterone autoregulation system

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10
Q

Is the RAAS system slow or fast

A

slow!!
- bc its an adaptive response

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11
Q

What system is used in animals with chronic heart failure

A

RAAS System

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12
Q

What organ releases angiotensinogen

A

liver

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13
Q

renin is releases from what organ

A

kidney

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14
Q

What causes angiotensinogen to become angiotension 1

A

renin

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15
Q

What organ does ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) release from

A

lungs

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16
Q

What converts angiotenin 1 into angiotensin 2

A

ACE

17
Q

What hormones directly actst on blood vessels, stimulating vasoconstriction (narrowing)

A

Angiotensin 2

18
Q

What organ does angiotensin 2 act on to stimulate the release of aldosterone

A

Adrenal gland

19
Q

What organ releases aldosterone

A

adrenal gland

20
Q

What organ does aldosterone act on to stimualte the reabsorption of salt and water - may cause water rentention

A

Kidneys

21
Q

As Na2+ moves or is absorbed what normally goes with it

A

water

22
Q

When you have a decrease in arterial pressure what system can be used to increase atrial pressure back towards normal

A

RAAS system

23
Q

With a decrease in atrial pressure what is the hormone / enzyme that causes an increase in
- adlesterone
- NA reabsorption
- ECF volume
- Thirst
- vasoconstriction
- TPR

to bring atrial pressure back towards normal

A

Angiotensin II

24
Q

What is expressed in the proximal tubule to help with cotransport of sodium and glucose into the blood
- increase number of gluse in diabetes

A

SGLT2

25
Q

Does the central or peripheral chemoreceptor detect change in O2

A

periperhal

26
Q

Does the central or peripheral chemoreceptor detect change in CO2 and pH

A

central

27
Q

What senses a change in osmolarity and blood pressure

A

ADH
- antidiuretic hormone

28
Q

What senses a change in blood pressure, HR, and atrial pressure

A

low pressure baroreceptors

29
Q

What are 2 major substances that regulate arteriolar vascular smooth muscle

A

Vasopressin
Atrial natriuretic peptide

30
Q

What is responsible for constricting afferent arterioles in the vascular smooth muscle
- decrease HR
- decrease AV node activity

A

Adenosine

31
Q

When you have a decrease in HR and increase in vascular resistance causing bradycardia and vasoconstriction ( decreased Po2, increase PCo2, and increase pH) what senses these changes to tell the medulla that something is wrong

A

Chemoreceptors

32
Q

SNS or PNS

  • increase HR
  • increases contractility
  • vasoconstriction
A

SNS

33
Q

What uses vagus nerve to sense
- increase atrial blood pressure
- decrease HR

A

Baroreceptor reflex

34
Q

What is used to sense
- vasoconstriction
- Na+ and H20 reabsorption
- thirst

A

RAS system

35
Q

What is used for reabsorption of Na+ and H2O

A

Aldesterone

36
Q

What is used in
- increased renal excretion of salt and water
- vasdilation
- increased vascular permeability

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

37
Q

What is uses for
- increase H20 reabsorption in the kidney

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

38
Q

What is used for
- increases Na+ and H2O excretion

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

2024 Vet physiology (76 decks)

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