Exam 1: Lecture 10: Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Physiology Flashcards
what type of muscles are striated and involuntary
Cardiac muscle
What muscle is defined as a rhythmic beating due to built in pacemaker
Cardiac muscle
defined electrical syncytium of cardiac muscles
all cardiac cells contract the heart and this happens synchronsously
Cardiac muscle cells are connceted by _______ ______, which have mechanical juntions and eletrical connections
intercalated disks
what makes up mechanical junctions of cardiac muscle intercalated disks
fascia adherens and desmoses
- here to keep the cells from pulling apart
What makes up electrical junctions of cardiac muscles intercalated disks
gap junctions
- how the signal is passing so quickly
what organ acts as a pacemaker of the body
heart
AP of the heart initated in what node that is located in the right atrium
sinoatrial node
- undergoes spontaneous depolarization
Where is AP propagated in the heart
between atrial cells and tracts
- forced through gap junctions
Once the AP propagated between atrial cells and tracts what happens next
it moves through atrial ventricular nodes
After traveling through the atrial ventricular node the charge moves to what portion of the heart?
bundles of His
Purkinje system
gap junctions of ventricular cells
AP passes through the entire heart within ______ msec and a contraction lasts ______msec
220
300
what is essential for contraction of cardiac muscle
extracellular calcium
Extracellular calcium enters the cardiac cells via what channels?
L type Ca channels
Once extrcellular Ca enters the cardiac cells with the L type Ca channels this causes a ________ of the AP - calcium is called “trigger Ca”
plateau
what is the role of trigger Ca
induce the release of Ca from the SR (ryanodine receptors)
- NOT to promote acting myosin interaction
How much Ca will be released from the SR?
depends on the amount previously stored and the size of inward Ca current (trigger Ca)
- more Ca2+ the stronger the heart contractions
For a contraction to occur we need _________ calcium to rise - being released from the SR
intracellular Ca
This process happens in cardiac cells, but not in what muscle cells?
- Ca enters the cell during plateau causing Ca induced C release from the SR
Skeletal muscle
Is reaccumulation of Ca by the SR via the SR pump (SERCA) enough to cause relaxation?
NO
Because of extracellular Ca (trigger Ca) we need an additional method for relaxation, what is it?
Sarcolemmal 3 Na+ / 1 Ca2+ antiporter
and
Sarcolemmal Ca2+ pump (Ca2+ ATPase pump)
Can you increase the force of contraction in cardiac cells by recruiting more muscle fibers or by inducing tetany?
NO
How do you increase the cardiac muscle and force of contraction?
Modulate L type Ca channels during an AP