Exam 1: Quiz 1

Question 1

What is the ECF volume of a 150 KG pig (L)?

Answer 1

30 L

Question 2

Which substance is a major anion in the ECF

Answer 2

HCO3-

Question 3

Which transporter directly uses energy to move its solute?

Answer 3

Ca2+ ATPase

Question 4

If a cell with normal osmolarity is placed in a solution that is 330 moms/L, where will water move via osmosis

Answer 4

Water will move from the cell to the solution

Question 5

Solution A has a osmolarity of 245 mOsm/L and solution B has an osmolarity of 230 mOsm/L Which solution has the greater osmotic pressure

Answer 5

Solution A

Question 6

Which events is / are associated with repolarization

Answer 6

Opening of K+ channels and closing Na+ inactivation gates

Question 7

Which statement apply to myelination of nerve fibers
- myelination decrease capacitance
- at nodes of river, membrane resistance is low
- myelination increases membrane resistance
- myelination increases capacitance
- myelination decreases membrane resistance
- at nodes of ranvier, membrane resistance is high

Answer 7

Myelination decreases capacitance
At nodes of ranvier membrane resistance is low
Myelination increases membrane resistance

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is excitatory and can use either ionotropic or metabotropic receptors

Answer 8

Glutamate

Question 9

Which statement apply to inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
- Cl channels open
- post synaptic neuron is hyperpolarized
- Na+ and K+ channels open
- Post synaptic neuron is depolarized

Answer 9

Cl channels open
Post-synaptic neuron is hyperpolarized

Question 10

Which CNS brain structure is most associated with coordination of volitional and stabilizing movements,as well as maintenance of posture

Answer 10

Cerebellum

Question 11

VEGF-A expression ceases after the cardiovascular system is formed - true or false

Answer 11

False

Question 12

When alpha 1 receptors are activated, which second messenger cascade is activated and what is the effect on vascular smooth muscle?

Answer 12

Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
Phospholipase C

Question 13

In the PNS, receptors on effector organs are nicotinic - true or false

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Which fiber type has the smallest relative diameter and slowest conduction velocity
- alpha motor
- Gamma motor
- Type III sensory
- Post ganglionic autonomic

Answer 14

Post ganglionic autonomic

Question 15

To which subunit of troponin does calcium bind when intracellular calcium concentration rises?

Answer 15

Troponin C

Question 16

In cross bridge cycling, what causes myosin to release from actin, move towards the plus end of actin and bind a new site on actin?

Answer 16

ATP binding myosin head

Question 17

What characteristics apply to slow twitch fibers
- Low oxidative capacity
- low vascular supply
- High vascular supply
- recruited last during a muscle contraction
- high oxidative capacity
- recruited first during a muscle contraction

Answer 17

Recruited first during a muscle contraction
High oxidative capacity
High vascular supply

Question 18

How does extracellular calcium enter cardiac cells during a muscle contraction?

Answer 18

L-type calcium channels

Question 19

Which enzyme changes myosin head conformation to allow it to bind to actin in smooth muscle?

Answer 19

Myosin light-chain kinase

Question 20

Which substances can penetrate skin fairly well?
A. Fat-soluble vitamins
B. Water
C. Alcohols
D. CO2
E. O2

Answer 20

A, C, D, & E

Question 21

Which characteristics apply to apocrine sweat glands?
A. Secrete into duct connected to pilosebaceous canal
B. Secrete only a watery fluid hypotonic to plasma
C. Secrete proteins and lipids in addition to typical sweat components
D. Secrete into duct connected to skin surface

Answer 21

A & C

Question 22

What is the description/function of a Neutrophil?

Answer 22

Granules supply lysosomal enzymes and hydrogen peroxide to digest and kill

Question 23

How many oxygen molecules can be bound in one hemoglobin molecule?

Answer 23

4

Question 24

Which compounds are formed in a primary platelet plug and help stabilize the plug to ultimately form a clot?

Answer 24

Fibrin and Thrombin

Question 25

What is the description/function of a Monocyte?

Answer 25

Transforms to a macrophage before using acidic pH, enzymes, and hydrogen peroxide to kill

Question 26

What is the description/function of an Eosinophil?

Answer 26

Granules contain histaminase to dampen/stop allergic reactions

Question 27

What is the description/function of a Basophil?

Answer 27

Contains cell-surface receptors for IgE and granules contain substances to enhance allergic reactions

Question 28

What is the description/function of a Lymphocyte?

Answer 28

Involved in killing or inactivating antigens, and creating memory cells to respond to antigens when exposed in the future