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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 3: Lecture 30: Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Exam 3: Lecture 30: Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of glomerular filtration?

A

Form urine.

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2
Q

Where does glomerular filtration occur?

A

Bowman’s space.

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3
Q

What is the initial step for GFR?

A

Renal plasma flow (RPF).

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4
Q

What does glomerular ultrafiltrate contain?

A

Water and small solutes.

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5
Q

What does glomerular filtration exclude?

A

Proteins and blood cells.

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6
Q

What determines the rate of filtration?

A

Glomerular filtration barrier characteristics.

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7
Q

What forces drive filtration?

A

Starling forces.

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8
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule.

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9
Q

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

A

Filter blood.

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10
Q

What cell types are in the glomerulus?

A

Endothelial and mesangial cells.

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11
Q

What do endothelial cells in the glomerulus have?

A

Large pores.

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12
Q

What do mesangial cells do?

A

Remove trapped debris and contract.

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13
Q

What are the three layers of the glomerular capillary?

A

Endothelium, basement membrane, epithelium.

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14
Q

What is the function of the endothelium in the glomerulus?

A

Allows fluid and solutes to pass.

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15
Q

What is the basement membrane’s role?

A

Prevents plasma protein filtration.

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16
Q

What do podocytes do in the glomerulus?

A

Attach to basement membrane.

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17
Q

What do foot processes in podocytes form?

A

Filtration slits.

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18
Q

What charge does the glomerular capillary barrier have?

A

Negative charge.

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19
Q

What does the negative charge on the barrier repel?

A

Negatively charged molecules.

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20
Q

What forces drive fluid across the glomerulus?

A

Starling forces.

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21
Q

What are the two hydrostatic pressures in the glomerulus?

A

PGC (glomerular capillary), PBS (Bowman’s space).

22
Q

What are the two oncotic pressures in the glomerulus?

A

πGC (glomerular oncotic pressure), πBS (Bowman’s space).

23
Q

What equation calculates GFR?

A

GFR = Kf[(PGC - PBS) - πGC].

24
Q

What is PGC?

A

Force favoring filtration.

25
Q

What is PBS?

A

Force opposing filtration.

26
Q

What is πGC?

A

Force opposing filtration.

27
Q

What happens when GFR increases?

A

Increased filtration.

28
Q

What happens with afferent arteriole constriction?

A

Decreases GFR and RPF.

29
Q

What happens with efferent arteriole constriction?

A

Increases GFR, decreases RPF.

30
Q

What does an increase in plasma proteins do?

A

Decreases GFR.

31
Q

What does obstruction of urine flow do?

A

Increases PBS, decreases GFR.

32
Q

What are the components of Starling pressures?

A

Hydrostatic and oncotic pressures.

33
Q

What is the filtration equilibrium in the glomerulus?

A

Net filtration pressure equals zero.

34
Q

What increases GFR?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure.

35
Q

What decreases GFR?

A

Increased oncotic pressure.

36
Q

What layer of the glomerular capillary has large pores?

A

Endothelium.

37
Q

What cells contract in response to angiotensin?

A

Mesangial cells.

38
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A

Prevents protein filtration.

39
Q

What pressure favors filtration in the glomerulus?

A

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (PGC).

40
Q

What pressure opposes filtration in Bowman’s space?

A

PBS.

41
Q

What changes in afferent arteriole resistance affect GFR?

A

Constriction decreases GFR.

42
Q

What changes in efferent arteriole resistance affect GFR?

A

Constriction increases GFR.

43
Q

What happens if plasma protein concentration increases?

A

Oncotic pressure increases, GFR decreases.

44
Q

What happens if urine flow is obstructed?

A

PBS increases, GFR decreases.

45
Q

What do intraglomerular mesangial cells do?

A

Clear debris from the basement membrane.

46
Q

What are the layers of the basement membrane?

A

Lamina rara interna, lamina densa, lamina rara externa.

47
Q

What is the role of podocytes in filtration?

A

Create filtration slits.

48
Q

What is the permeability factor (Kf) in GFR?

A

Water permeability of the glomerular wall.

49
Q

What is net ultrafiltration pressure?

A

Pressure favoring filtration minus pressure opposing it.

50
Q

What does increased PGC lead to?

A

Increased GFR.

2024 Vet physiology (76 decks)

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