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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 4: Lecture 52: AI Questions > Flashcards

Exam 4: Lecture 52: AI Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the GIT?

A

Digestion and absorption

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2
Q

What are the four main activities of digestion?

A

Motility, secretions, digestion, absorption

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3
Q

What are the sections of the GIT in sequence?

A

Mouth to anus

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4
Q

What organ performs first-pass metabolism?

A

Liver

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5
Q

Where does most nutrient absorption occur?

A

Small intestine

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6
Q

What is the main role of the stomach?

A

Protein digestion

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7
Q

What substance is crucial for protein unfolding in the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

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8
Q

Where does water reabsorption primarily occur?

A

Large intestine

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9
Q

What GIT layer faces the lumen?

A

Mucosal layer

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10
Q

What GIT layer faces the blood?

A

Serosal layer

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11
Q

What cells line the mucosal layer?

A

Epithelial cells

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12
Q

What muscle layer is responsible for peristalsis?

A

Circular muscle

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13
Q

What is the last layer of the GIT wall?

A

Serosal layer

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14
Q

What nervous component innervates the GIT extrinsically?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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15
Q

Where does the enteric nervous system begin?

A

Esophagus

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16
Q

Can the enteric nervous system operate independently?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What plexuses are part of the enteric nervous system?

A

Myenteric and submucosal

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18
Q

What are the main sensory inputs for the enteric nervous system?

A

Receptors in mucosa

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19
Q

What are the two neurotransmitter classifications in the ENS?

A

Cholinergic and peptidergic

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20
Q

Which nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the GIT?

A

Vagus nerve

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21
Q

What type of fibers are in the vagus nerve?

A

Afferent and efferent

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22
Q

Where does the vagus nerve innervate in the GIT?

A

Upper GIT

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23
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by cholinergic neurons?

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

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24
Q

What do peptidergic neurons release?

A

Substance P and VIP

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25
Q

What is a vagovagal reflex?

A

A reflex involving vagus

26
Q

Where are sympathetic ganglia located relative to the GIT?

A

Outside the GIT

27
Q

What is one sympathetic ganglion serving the GIT?

A

Celiac ganglion

28
Q

What is the role of efferent fibers in the vagus nerve?

A

Deliver motor information

29
Q

What neurotransmitter do sympathetic neurons often release?

A

Norepinephrine

30
Q

What does VIP stand for?

A

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

31
Q

What type of neurons release VIP?

A

Peptidergic neurons

32
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

33
Q

What are the short reflex arcs in the ENS responsible for?

A

Control motility and secretions

34
Q

What type of muscle surrounds the GIT wall?

A

Smooth muscle

35
Q

What is another term for the enteric nervous system?

A

Intrinsic nervous system

36
Q

Where do sympathetic postganglionic neurons synapse in the GIT?

A

GIT plexuses or smooth muscle

37
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic fibers?

A

Norepinephrine

38
Q

What type of fibers are most of the vagus nerve?

A

Afferent

39
Q

What muscle types are in the GIT wall?

A

Smooth and circular

40
Q

What cells secrete mucus in the GIT?

A

Goblet cells

41
Q

What type of ganglia are in the GIT plexuses?

A

Enteric ganglia

42
Q

What type of muscle is in the stomach?

A

Smooth muscle

43
Q

What division of the nervous system innervates GIT involuntarily?

A

Autonomic nervous system

44
Q

What neurotransmitter do ENS neurons primarily use?

A

Acetylcholine

45
Q

What is the role of the cranial mesenteric ganglion?

A

Regulates intestinal blood flow

46
Q

What are the two types of ANS fibers affecting the GIT?

A

Short and long fibers

47
Q

What neurotransmitter do cholinergic neurons in the ENS release?

A

Acetylcholine

48
Q

What type of nerve fibers does the SNS have?

A

Short preganglionic fibers

49
Q

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the GIT?

A

Inhibits digestion

50
Q

What neurotransmitter modulates smooth muscle relaxation?

A

VIP

51
Q

What neurotransmitter can be both excitatory and inhibitory?

A

Acetylcholine

52
Q

What is the role of the submucosal plexus?

A

Regulates secretion

53
Q

Where are the preganglionic neurons of the SNS located?

A

Spinal cord

54
Q

What neurotransmitter causes vasodilation in the GIT?

A

VIP

55
Q

What reflex involves the vagus for both sensory and motor paths?

A

Vagovagal reflex

56
Q

Where does digestion begin in the GIT?

A

Mouth

57
Q

What controls the GIT’s secretory function?

A

ENS

58
Q

What neurotransmitter is released during the vagovagal reflex?

A

Acetylcholine

59
Q

Where are VIP and substance P found in the GIT?

A

Myenteric plexus

60
Q

What function does the myenteric plexus control?

A

Motility

2024 Vet physiology (74 decks)

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