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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 4: Lecture 55: Salivary and Gastric secretions > Flashcards

Exam 4: Lecture 55: Salivary and Gastric secretions Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the saliva

A
  • initial digestion
  • dilution and buffering
  • lubrication with mucus
  • oral hygiene
  • evaporative cooling In dogs
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2
Q

dogs on dry food produce mosty ________/________ saliva

A

thin
watery

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3
Q

dogs on meat diets produce more ________ saliva

A

mucous

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4
Q

if you leave food in the mouth for a long period of time then you get an increase in ________

A

debris

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5
Q

lysosomes in saliva are used to ________ ________ amount in moth

A

kill bacteria

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6
Q

4 major salivary glands

A

parotoid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
zygomatic gland

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7
Q

paratoid gland produce ________ cells and ________ fluid

A

serous cells
aqueous fluid

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8
Q

sublingular and submandibular produce ________ glands with ________ and ________ cells

A

mixed
serous
mucous

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9
Q

mucin glycoproteins when present increase ________ of the saliva. example are dogs and ________

A

thickness
cows

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10
Q

structure of the salivary gland looks like a bunch of grapes. each grape contains an ________

A

acinus

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11
Q

acinus cells are lined with ________ cells to produce ________ saliva (not yet ________)

A

acinar cells
initial saliva
modified

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12
Q

Water, ions, enzymes and mucosa are contained in ________ saliva

A

pre-modified

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13
Q

inital saliva passes through ________ duct, then to ________ duct

A

intercalated duct
striated duct

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14
Q

the ducts that initial saliva passes through are lined with ________ cells that ________ saliva = ________ concentration of ions

A

ductal cells
modify saliva
increase the concentration of ions

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15
Q

________ stimulation causes myoepithelial cells to ________ and eject saliva

A

neural stimulation
contract - increase pressure

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16
Q

________ cells and ________ cells have PNS and SNS innervations. ________ is the dominant system

A

acinar cells
ductal cells
PSNS

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17
Q

salivary glands have high ________ flow - increases when ________ production is stimulated

A

blood flow
saliva production

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18
Q

increase in saliva causes an increase in ________ flow due to saliva components coming from the blood

A

blood

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19
Q

________ is composed of:
- water
- electrolytes
- amylase
- lingual lipase
- kallikrein
- mucous

A

saliva

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20
Q

role of lingual lipase is to

A

break down lipids

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21
Q

role of kallikrein is

A

enzymes throughout the body = regulate local vasodilation associated with secretion

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22
Q

saliva is ________ compared with plasma

A

hypotonic

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23
Q

saliva has an increase in ________ and ________ and a decrease in ________ and ________ compared to plasma

A

K+
HCO3-
Na+
Cl-

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24
Q

saliva is formed in ________ steps

A

two

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25
Q

formation of saliva of ________ solution by acinar cells

A

isotonic

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26
Q

modification of saliva by ________ cells to become hypotonic

A

ductal cells

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27
Q

modification of saliva involves ________ on the luminal and basolateral membranes

A

transporters

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28
Q

the luminal membrane tranports ________ and ________ out of the cell

A

Na+
Cl-
HCO3-
K+

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29
Q

basolateral membrane transporters move ________ and ________ back into the blood

A

Na+
Cl-

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30
Q

absorption of ________ and ________ back into the blood = low concentrations in saliva

A

Na+
Cl-

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31
Q

secretion of ________ and ________ into saliva

A

K+
HCO3-

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32
Q

how is saliva hypotinic

A

because ductal cells are impermeable to water

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33
Q

saliva is hypotonic because ________ does not follow Na+ and K+

A

water

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34
Q

________ cells secrete organic components
- a-amylase
- lingual lipase
- Mucin glycoproteins
- IgA
- Kallikrein

A

acinar

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35
Q

at high flow rates cause ________ saliva to resemble ________

A

final
plasma

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36
Q

at low flow rates ________ saliva is ________ compared to plasma

A

final
hypotonic

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37
Q

final saliva concentration depends on ________ time with ________ cells

A

contact time
ductal cells

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38
Q

at high flow rates, less time to ________ saliva

A

modify

39
Q

________ concentration lowest at low flow rates and highest at high flow rates

A

HCO3-

40
Q

secretion is selectively stimulated when ________ is stimulated

A

production

41
Q

saliva secretion is exclusively under ________ control

A

neural

42
Q

salivary secretion stimulated by both ________ and ________ stimulation

A

PSNS
SNS

43
Q

PSNS is carried by ________ and ________ nerves

A

facial
glossopharyngeal

44
Q

PSNS postganglionic neurons release

A

Ach

45
Q

Ach acts on ________ receptors on acinar and ________ cells

A

muscarinic
ductal

46
Q

orginates in ________ and ________, synpase superior cervical ganglion

A

T1
T3

47
Q

SNS postganalionic neurons release

A

NE

48
Q

________ adrenergic receptors are on both acinar and ductal cells = increasing saliva secretion

A

Beta

49
Q

the following is part of ________ juice
- HCl
- Pepsinogen
- Intrinsic factor
- mucous

A

gastric

50
Q

HCl and Pepsinogen are involved in ________ digestion

A

protein

51
Q

intrinsic factor is needed for absorption of ________ in ilium

A

B12

52
Q

mucous is part of the protection of gastric mucosa from acid produced and ________

A

lubrication

53
Q

________ glands are contained in the body of the stomach

A

oxyntic

54
Q

opening of oxyntic glands are called ________: lined with ________ cells and empty into ________ of stomach

A

pits
epithelial cells
lumen

55
Q

the mucous neck of oxyntic glands secrete

A

mucous

56
Q

parietal cells of oxyntic glands secrete ________ and ________ ________

A

HCl
Intrinsic factor

57
Q

chief cells of oxyntic glands produce ________

A

pepsinogen

58
Q

G cells and mucous neck cells are part of the ________ glands in the ________ of the stomach

A

pyloric glands
antrum of the stomach

59
Q

G cell, which are part of the pyloric glands in the antrum of the stomach produce ________ ________ = which acts in ciruclation

A

gastrin hormone

60
Q

mucous cell neck, which are part of the pyloric glands in the antrum of the stomach secrete ________, ________, and ________

A

mucous
HCO3-
pepsinogen

61
Q

G cells and mucous membranes in the plyoric glands of the stomach helps neutralize ________

A

mucosa

62
Q

HCl secretion by pariental cells is very ________ at a pH of 1-2

A

acidic

63
Q

HCl secretion by the ________ membrane has a H+/K+ ATPase and Cl- channels

A

apical

64
Q

HCl secretion by the ________ Na+/K+ ATPase and Cl-/HCO3- exchangers

A

basolateral

65
Q

HCl contains ________ ________

A

carbonic anhydrase

66
Q

need low pH to activate ________ to activate and become pepsin

A

pepsinogen

67
Q

________ combines with H2O to form H2CO3, which dissociates into ________ and ________

A

CO2
H+
HCO3-

68
Q

________ goes into the lumen of the stomach via ________ ATPase

A

H+
H+/K+

69
Q

________ absorbed into blood via ________ exhanger

A

HCO3-
HCO3-/Cl-

70
Q

________ follows H+ into the lumen of the stomach by diffusing through ________ channels

A

Cl-
Cl-

71
Q

abrobed ________ responsbile for alkaline tide in gastric venous blood after meal

A

HCO3-

72
Q

alkaline tide is increase levels of HCO3- due to an increase in HCl- being produced during food ________. eventually secreted back into the ________ via ________ secretions

A

consumption
GI tract
pancreatic

73
Q

Net secretion of ________ and net absorption of ________ is the main takeaway from the HCl secretion mechanism

A

HCl
HCO3-

74
Q

Histamine is considered

A

paracrine

75
Q

histamine is released from the ECL cells in ________ mucosa

A

gastric

76
Q

histamine binds to ________ receptors on ________ cells

A

H2
parietal

77
Q

histamine releases ________ which is a secondary messenger system

A

cAMP

78
Q

________ release after histamine binds. ________ blocks H2 receptor = blocks action histamine = NOT completely block / only redue

A

H+ release
Cimetidine blocks

79
Q

Ach is considered a

A

neurocrine

80
Q

Ach is released from ________ ________ and innervates ________ mucosa

A

vagus nerve
gastric

81
Q

Ach binds ________ receptors in parietal cells

A

muscarinic receptors

82
Q

IP3/Ca2+ are the second messenger in the ________ release

A

Ach

83
Q

________ = blocks Ach binding to muscerinic receptors on parental cells

A

Atropine

84
Q

Ach also stimulates (once produced) ECL to release

A

histamine

85
Q

gastrin is considered a ________

A

hormone

86
Q

gastrin is secreted by ________ cells in the stomach antrum

A

G cells

87
Q

gastrin binds ________ receptors on parietal cells

A

CCKB

88
Q

IP3/Ca2+ are second messengers after the release of ________

A

gastrin

89
Q

Gastrin also stimulates ECL cells to release

A

histamine

90
Q

strong interaction of ________ with either Ach or gastrin is called ________

A

histamine
potentiation

91
Q

potentiation is defined as the sum of multiple stimuli = ________ response more than sum of indivudal response

A

increase

92
Q

what given the strongest response to stimulate H+

A

potentiation

93
Q

due to ________ drugs can have greater than expected effects

A

potentiation

2024 Vet physiology (76 decks)

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