Exam 5: Lecture 72: Endocrine Pancreas 2: AI Questions

Question 1

Insulin decreases blood glucose primarily by:
A) Increasing gluconeogenesis in the liver
B) Enhancing glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue
C) Stimulating glucagon release
D) Increasing lipolysis in adipose tissue

Answer 1

b

Question 2

Which transporter is responsible for insulin-dependent glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue?
A) GLUT 1
B) GLUT 2
C) GLUT 3
D) GLUT 4

Answer 2

d

Question 3

Insulin resistance can be caused by:
A) Increased sensitivity of insulin receptors
B) Downregulation of GLUT 4 expression
C) Excess secretion of somatostatin
D) Decreased glucagon release

Answer 3

b

Question 4

In Type 1 diabetes, the primary pathology involves:
A) Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B) Autoimmune destruction of β-cells
C) Overproduction of insulin
D) Increased adiponectin levels

Answer 4

b

Question 5

Which of the following inhibits glucagon secretion?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Exercise
C) Insulin
D) Amino acids

Answer 5

c

Question 6

The primary effect of glucagon on the liver is to:
A) Decrease gluconeogenesis
B) Stimulate glycogenolysis
C) Inhibit lipolysis
D) Increase protein synthesis

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Adiponectin’s role in glucose metabolism is to:
A) Decrease insulin sensitivity
B) Increase insulin sensitivity
C) Inhibit glucose transport into muscle
D) Enhance lipolysis in adipose tissue

Answer 7

B

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted in response to increased adiposity and functions to suppress appetite?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Leptin
D) Adiponectin

Answer 8

C

Question 9

During insulin resistance, what is the expected effect on blood insulin levels?
A) Decreased
B) Normal
C) Increased
D) Undetectable

Answer 9

C

Question 10

Which hormone would be elevated in a state of prolonged fasting?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Somatostatin
D) C-peptide

Answer 10

B

Question 11

In the case of an insulinoma, which clinical sign would most likely be observed?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Hyperlipidemia
D) Hypertension

Answer 11

B

Question 12

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by:
A) Absolute deficiency of insulin
B) Resistance to insulin action
C) Excessive somatostatin release
D) High adiponectin levels

Answer 12

B

Question 13

The main site of action for glucagon in mobilizing energy stores is:
A) Adipose tissue
B) MuscleC
C) Liver
D) Pancreas

Answer 13

C

Question 14

Which of the following is a typical consequence of chronic hyperglycemia?
A) Upregulation of insulin receptors
B) Increased GLUT 4 translocation
C) Downregulation of insulin signaling pathways
D) Enhanced leptin sensitivity

Answer 14

C

Question 15

The primary function of somatostatin in the endocrine pancreas is to:
A) Stimulate insulin secretion
B) Inhibit both insulin and glucagon secretion
C) Enhance glucose uptake in muscle
D) Increase appetite

Answer 15

B

Question 16

Which of the following hormones is antagonistic to insulin and promotes increased blood glucose levels?
A) Leptin
B) Adiponectin
C) Glucagon
D) Somatostatin

Answer 16

C

Question 17

A patient with insulin resistance would most likely present with:
A) Hypoglycemia and low insulin levels
B) Hyperglycemia and high insulin levels
C) Normal blood glucose and low insulin levels
D) Low C-peptide levels

Answer 17

B

Question 18

The primary stimulus for glucagon release during hypoglycemia is:
A) Elevated insulin levels
B) Low blood glucose levels
C) Increased amino acid concentration
D) High fatty acid levels

Answer 18

B

Question 19

The effect of leptin resistance in obesity is typically:
A) Increased appetite and reduced metabolic rate
B) Decreased appetite and increased insulin sensitivity
C) Enhanced glucose uptake in muscle
D) Increased secretion of adiponectin

Answer 19

A

Question 20

Which enzyme is inhibited by insulin, reducing lipolysis in adipose tissue?
A) Hexokinase
B) Hormone-sensitive lipase
C) Glucokinase
D) Glycogen synthase

Answer 20

B

Question 21

The secretion of somatostatin is stimulated by:
A) Hypoglycemia
B) All nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids)
C) High adiponectin levels
D) Decreased glucagon release

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Insulin promotes the uptake of which electrolyte into cells?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Chloride

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Which of the following is a primary effect of glucagon on lipid metabolism?
A) Stimulates fatty acid synthesis
B) Inhibits ketogenesis
C) Promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue
D) Decreases triglyceride breakdown

Answer 23

C

Question 24

The major difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is:
A) Type 1 diabetes involves insulin resistance, while Type 2 involves insulin deficiency
B) Type 1 diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of β-cells, while Type 2 involves insulin resistance
C) Both types involve excess insulin production
D) Type 1 diabetes is associated with obesity, while Type 2 is not

Answer 24

B

Question 25

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the “dawn phenomenon,” a rise in blood glucose in the early morning?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Glucagon
D) Leptin

Answer 25

B

Question 26

A patient with an insulinoma would most likely present with which of the following symptoms?
A) Persistent hyperglycemia
B) Severe hypoglycemia
C) Hyperlipidemia
D) Ketoacidosis

Answer 26

B

Question 27

In obesity, leptin levels are typically:
A) Decreased due to low adipose tissue mass
B) Normal and unresponsive to changes in fat mass
C) Increased, but there may be leptin resistance
D) Absent, leading to increased appetite

Answer 27

C

Question 28

Which of the following substances enhances insulin sensitivity and is secreted by adipose tissue?
A) Leptin
B) Glucagon
C) Adiponectin
D) Cortisol

Answer 28

C

Question 29

The main consequence of insulin resistance in muscle tissue is:
A) Increased glucose uptake and storage
B) Decreased glucose uptake, leading to hyperglycemia
C) Enhanced fatty acid oxidation
D) Increased insulin receptor sensitivity

Answer 29

B

Question 30

Which of the following hormones is likely to increase during stress and antagonize the action of insulin?
A) Epinephrine
B) Adiponectin
C) Somatostatin
D) GIP (Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide)

Answer 30

A

Question 31

In diabetic ketoacidosis, the accumulation of ketone bodies is primarily due to:
A) Excessive insulin secretion
B) Increased lipogenesis
C) Unchecked lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation
D) Decreased gluconeogenesis

Answer 31

C

Question 32

Which of the following hormones is secreted in response to hypoglycemia and helps to raise blood glucose levels?
A) Insulin
B) Somatostatin
C) Glucagon
D) Adiponectin

Answer 32

C

Question 33

The primary action of somatostatin in the gastrointestinal tract is to:
A) Stimulate gastric acid secretion
B) Inhibit the release of gastrointestinal hormones
C) Enhance nutrient absorption
D) Increase peristalsis

Answer 33

B

Question 34

In patients with Type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia is often due to:
A) Absolute insulin deficiency
B) Increased insulin sensitivity
C) Impaired insulin signaling and increased hepatic glucose production
D) Overproduction of adiponectin

Answer 34

C

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the function of leptin in the body?
A) Stimulates appetite and increases fat storage
B) Inhibits appetite and increases energy expenditure
C) Decreases insulin sensitivity and increases lipogenesis
D) Enhances gluconeogenesis and promotes protein breakdown

Answer 35

B