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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 3: Lecture 28: Body fluids and clearence concepts > Flashcards

Exam 3: Lecture 28: Body fluids and clearence concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the averge amount of total body water

A

60%

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2
Q

What is the percent of ICF

A

40% of BW

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3
Q

What is the percent of ECF

A

20% of BW

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4
Q

What is the percent of Intersitial fluid in ECF

A

16%

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5
Q

What is the percent of plasma in ECF

A

4%

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6
Q

What are/is the major cations in the ICF

A

K
Mg

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7
Q

What is/are the major anions in the ICF

A

proteins
organic phosphate

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8
Q

What part of the ECF bathes cells

A

interstitial fluid

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9
Q

What part of the ECF is the aqueous componet of blood - contains water and proteins

A

plasma

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10
Q

What is/are the major cations in the ECF

A

Na

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11
Q

What is/are the major anions in the ECF

A

Cl
HCO3-

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12
Q

Is the intersitial fluid
- filtered
- ultrafiltered

A

ultrafiltered of plasma

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13
Q

In a steady state, ICF must equal ?

A

ECF osmolarity and water shift freely across membranes

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14
Q

Where are large solutes / Na assumed to be confined as they cannot cross cell membranes freely

A

ECF

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15
Q

Where do loss or gain and/or electrolytes initially occur?

A

ECF

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16
Q

What is defined as decrease in ECF volume

A

volume contraction

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17
Q

What is defined as increases in ECF volume

A

volume expansion

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18
Q

What is defined as no change in ECF osmolarity

A

isosmotic distrurbance

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19
Q

What is defined as increase in ECF osmolarity

A

hyperosmotic distrubance

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20
Q

What is defined as decrease in ECF osmolarity

A

hypo-osmotic distrubance

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21
Q

What is defined as the lose large volume of fluid from the GIT

A

Diarrhea

22
Q

What type of volume contraction would diarrhea be?

A

iso-osmoatic fluid

23
Q

Why is diarrhea defined as iso-osmotic fluid

A

same concentration of solutes that was lost is the same as the ECF

  • no change in ECF osmolarity
  • yes change in volume - decrease in ECF volume
  • no shifts in fluid because the osmolarity is the same across cell membrane
24
Q

What is defined as the lack of drinking water and sweating

A

water deprivation

25
Q

How does water moving during water deprivation

A

ECF volume decreases and osmolarity increases

water moves from the ICF to ECF

26
Q

What hormone is deficient and as a result, which electrolytes are excreted in excess in urine during adrenal insufficiency

A

aldosterone

lack or no/little Na+ reabsorption

Na+ and Cl- go throgh

27
Q

What happens to ECF osmolarity and volume during adrenal insufficiency

A

ECF osmolarity decreases
osmolarity in ICF is higher

Water moves from ECF to ICF

28
Q

What happens to ECF volume and osmolarity when you infuse isotonic NaCl

  • add electrlytes and H2O is added to ECF
A

osmolarity stays the same

ECF volume increases

NO shifts in water

29
Q

What happens to ECF and ICF volume and osmolarity when there is a high intake of NaCl

A

ECF volume increases

water moves from ICF to ECF

30
Q

What happens to ECF and ICF volume and osmolarity where you have a syndrome of inappropriate ADH

A

ADH too high: osmolarity of ECF decreases

water moves from ICF to ECF

31
Q

what is ADH used for?

A

water reabsorption in the kidneys

31
Q

What is the importance of renal clearence

A

uses the rate at which a compound is clearned from the body (urine) to determine aspects of renal function

32
Q

What is the definition of renal clearence

A

volume of plasma completly cleared of a substance by the kidneys per unit time

33
Q

What is the main way the body clearns a compounds

A

moves substances out through urine

34
Q

What is the result of a higher clearence rate?

A

more plasma cleared of substance

35
Q

T/F: A substance may be completely removed in a single pass through the kidneys

A

true

36
Q

What is the result of low clearence rate?

A

substances may not be cleared at all

37
Q

What is the result of neurons in the kidney not working?

A

decrease in GFR

38
Q

What substances can be used to estimate GFR

A

inulin
creatinine

39
Q

What substance can be used to estimate renal plasma flow (RPF)

A

PAH

40
Q

What is the range for renal clearence

A

0 to 60 mL/min

41
Q

What does the gold standard PAH tell you about renal handling and clearence of various substances

A

filtered
secreted

42
Q

What does the gold standard Inulin tell you about renal handling and clearence of various substances

A

filtered only

43
Q

What substance should be filtered and reabsorbed

A

phosphate

44
Q

what substance should be filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted

A

potassium

45
Q

What substance should have zero filtration

A

albumin

46
Q

What substance should be filtered and completly reabsorbed

A

glucose

47
Q

What is the ratio for:

  • filtered, but no net secretion or reabsorption
A

CR = 1.0

48
Q

What is the ratio for:

  • filtered and secreted
A

CR is less than 1.0

49
Q

What is the ratio for:

  • either substance is not filtered or it is filtered and reabsorbed
A

CR is greater than 1.0

2024 Vet physiology (74 decks)

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