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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 2: Lecture 22 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lecture 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What refers to the functions of the smallest blood vessles and allows for exchange of nutrients, waste and fluid exchange

A

Microcirculation types of capillaries

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2
Q

What type of capillaries are the most common form with interendothelial junctions (skeletal muscle). However these clefts are absent in the blood brain barrier whose capillaries have narrow tight junctions

A

Continuous capillary

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3
Q

What type of capillaries have endothelial cells that are thin and perforated with fenestrations. These capillaries most often surrounded epithelial (small intestine, exocrine glands)

A

Fenestrated capillary

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4
Q

What type of capillary in addition to fenestrae, these capillaries have large gaps. Discontinuous capillaries are found in sinusoids (liver)

A

Discontinuous capillaries

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5
Q

How does exchange of solutes and gases move across the capillaries

A

simple diffusion

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6
Q

How do lipid soluble substances such as O2 and CO2 move across the capillaries

A

diffusion

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7
Q

How do water soluble soultes such as H2O, AA, glucose, etc. move across the capillaries

A

They can not cross endothelial cells membranes

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8
Q

How do proteins move across capillary walls

A

Proteins are too large to cross the capillaries, so they are retained in the vasculature compartment

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9
Q

What is the most important mechanism for fluid transfer

A

Osmosis

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10
Q

Can you hold majority of blood in your interstitium?

A

Yes!
- you can blood out and die into your intersitial and never lose a drop of blood

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11
Q

What does Jv stand for in capillary fluid flux

A

fluid movement

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12
Q

what does Kf stand for in capillary fluid flux

A

hydraulic conductance

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13
Q

what does Pc stand for in capillary fluid flux

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure
- favors filtration

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14
Q

What does Pi stand for in capillary fluid flux

A

interstitial hydrostatic pressure
- opposes fltration

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15
Q

What does Pie c stand for in capillary fluid flux

A

capillary oncotic pressure

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16
Q

what does Pie i stand for in capillary fluid flux

A

interstiaital oncotic pressure

17
Q

Does the left or right starling pressure across capillary walls support the ideal of net pressure favoring filtration out of the capillary

A

left

18
Q

Does the left or right starling pressure across capillary walls support the ideal of net pressure favoring absoprtion into the capillaries

A

right

19
Q

Where does fluid always want to leave and move into?

A

tissues

20
Q

What type of pressure favors movement towards the lymphatic system and moves blood / fluid into the veins - intracapillaries.

  • since fluid always wants to leave the capillaries and move towards the tissues
A

hydrostatic pressure

21
Q

What is the result of fluid leaving faster then the lymph system can pick up and return the intersitium

A

Edema

22
Q

What is the greatest pressure in vessels

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure

23
Q

What causes arteriolar dilation, venous constriciton, increase venous pressure, heart failure, and extrcellular fluid volume expansion

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure
- increase

24
Q

What causes a decrease in plasma protein concentration, severe liver failure, protein malnutrition, and nephrotic syndrome

A

capillary oncotic pressure
- decrease

25
Q

What causes burn and inflammation in edema formation

A

hydraulic conductance
- increase

26
Q

what causes standing (lack of skeletal muscle compression), removal or irradiation of lymph nodes, and parasitic infection of lymph nodes in edema formation

A

imparied lymphatic drainage

27
Q

Is the SNS or PNS most important in movement of blood from the skin

A

SNS

28
Q

What is this an example of in dogs?

  • respiration to move air across the tongue
A

thermoregulation

29
Q

What is the lest important mechainm in special circulation because it doesnt maintain as much O2 to work like others do

A

Skin

30
Q

What are some important special ciriculations used in the body

A

coronary
cerebral
skeletal muscle
pulmonary
renal

31
Q

Define autoregulation

A

maintain constant blood flow to an organ during changing atrial pressure

32
Q

Define autoregulation of the cerebral

A

controlled by local metabolites

exhibits autoregulation and reactive hypermemia

maintains a good blood-brain barrier

33
Q

As there is an increase in PCo2, H+ concentration increases causing a lower pH. What autoregulation mechanims could bring these vaules back down

A

Vasodilation of cerebral arterioles

increase blood flow to remove excess Co2

2024 Vet physiology (28 decks)

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