Exam 4: Lecture 51: Acid-base interpretation

Question 1

in acid-base balance what is the dependent variable?

Answer 1

pH

Question 2

What is the normal range for pH in the body

Answer 2

7.35 - 7.45

Question 3

What condition comes from a pH less than 7.35

Answer 3

acidosis

Question 4

What condition comes from a pH greater than 7.45

Answer 4

alkalosis

Question 5

How does the body respond to acid-base imblance

Answer 5

compensating for it
- partial or full

Question 6

If primary problem in acid-base disturbance is metabolic, what compensation may occur and give examples

Answer 6

respiratory compensation
- hyperventilation
- hypoventilation

Question 7

If primary problem is respiratory, what compensation may occur and give examples

Answer 7

metabolic compensation
- renal mechanism return pH to a normal value

Question 8

Does respiratory or renal mechanism for compensation take several minutes to hours

Answer 8

respiratory

Question 9

Does respiratory or renal mechanism for compensation take several hours to days

Answer 9

renal

Question 10

What compensation occurs?

• acidemia
• decrease in HCO3-
• non-respiratory is the primary disorder

Answer 10

hyperventilation
- to decrease PCO2

Question 11

What compensation occurs?

• acidemia
• increase in PCO2
• respiratory is the primary disorder

Answer 11

chemical buffering (acute)
renal regulation (chronic)

• both to increase HCO3-

Question 12

What compensation occurs?

• alkalemia
• increase HCO3-
• non-respiratory is primary disorder

Answer 12

hypoventilation
- to increase PCO2

Question 13

What compensation occurs?

• alkalemia
• decrease in PCO2
• respiratory is primary disorder

Answer 13

chemical buffering (acute)
renal regulation (chronic)

• both to decrease HCO3-

Question 14

Is HCO3- high or low in metabolic acidosis

Answer 14

low

Question 15

Is HCO3- high or low in metabolic alkalosis

Answer 15

high

Question 16

Is CO2 + H20 high or low in respiratory acidosis

Answer 16

high

Question 17

Is CO2 + H20 high or low in respiratory alkalosis

Answer 17

low

Question 18

The following cause which type of metabolic acidosis:

• diabetic ketoacidosis
• latic acidosis

Answer 18

excessive production or ingestion of fixed H+

Question 19

The following cause which type of metabolic acidosis:

• diarrhea
• type 2 renal tubular acidosis

Answer 19

loss of HCO3-

Question 20

The following cause which type of metabolic acidosis:

• chronic renal failure
• type 1and 4 renal tubular acosis

Answer 20

inability to excrete fixed H+

Question 21

What is the normal PaO2/FiO2 ratio

Answer 21

greater than 400

Question 22

What is the ratio of PaO2/FiO2 in severe pulmonary disease (respiratory failure)

Answer 22

les than 200

Question 23

What is the compensation response, if there is one, for the following case?

• IMHA (severe) x 4-5 days
• pH: 7.44
• PCO2-: 28.8
• HOC3-: 18.9
• PaO2: 95
• BE: -3

Answer 23

compensated chronic respiratory alkalosis

Question 24

What is the compensation response, if there is one, for the following case?

• Acute onset anuria
• pH: 7.2
• PCO2-: 22.6
• HOC3-: 8.4
• PaO2: 55
• BE: -18.3

Answer 24

compensating (partially compensated) metabolic acidosis

respiratory failure

Question 25

What is the first step in Acid-base interpretation

Answer 25

determine the pH