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2024 Vet physiology > Exam 5: Lecture 65: Hypothalamic Pituitary relationships: AI Questions > Flashcards

Exam 5: Lecture 65: Hypothalamic Pituitary relationships: AI Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for inhibiting prolactin release from the anterior pituitary?
A) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
B) Dopamine
C) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
D) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

A

B

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2
Q

The portal blood supply to the anterior pituitary is crucial because:
A) It allows systemic circulation of hypothalamic hormones.
B) It provides a direct pathway for hypothalamic hormones to reach the anterior pituitary in high concentrations.
C) It prevents feedback inhibition from systemic hormones.
D) It only supplies nutrients and oxygen to the anterior pituitary.

A

B

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3
Q

What is the primary function of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus?
A) Release of growth hormone
B) Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
D) Secretion of prolactin-inhibiting factor

A

C

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4
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the anterior pituitary?
A) Growth hormone (GH)
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

B

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5
Q

What is the primary stimulator of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release?
A) Dopamine
B) Cortisol
C) Somatostatin
D) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

A

D

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6
Q

Which hypothalamic hormone directly inhibits growth hormone (GH) release?
A) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
B) Somatostatin
C) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
D) Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)

A

B

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7
Q

The posterior pituitary primarily releases which two hormones?
A) Oxytocin and prolactin
B) Vasopressin and oxytocin
C) Growth hormone and prolactin
D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone and ACTH

A

B

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8
Q

Which structure is responsible for transporting hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary?
A) Hypophyseal portal veins
B) Neuronal axons
C) Median eminence capillaries
D) Infundibular stem

A

B

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9
Q

The hormone ACTH is derived from which precursor molecule?
A) POMC (Pro-opiomelanocortin)
B) Prolactin
C) Somatotropin
D) Dopamine

A

A

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10
Q

What effect does dopamine have on lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary?
A) Stimulates prolactin release
B) Inhibits prolactin release
C) Increases ACTH release
D) Stimulates FSH release

A

B

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11
Q

In response to a decrease in cortisol levels, which of the following hormones would increase?
A) Dopamine
B) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
C) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
D) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

A

C

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12
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) affects which two anterior pituitary hormones?
A) Growth hormone and prolactin
B) ACTH and TSH
C) TSH and prolactin
D) LH and FSH

A

C

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13
Q

What is the primary inhibitor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release in the hypothalamus?
A) Melatonin
B) Testosterone
C) Growth hormone
D) Prolactin

A

B

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14
Q

Which of the following is a direct target of growth hormone (GH)?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal cortex
C) Liver
D) Kidneys

A

C

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15
Q

The regulation of FSH and LH secretion is primarily controlled by:
A) Prolactin
B) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
C) Somatostatin
D) Dopamine

A

B

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16
Q

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary?
A) Endocrine signals via portal vessels
B) Direct neuronal connections
C) Vascular connections only
D) Both endocrine and vascular signals

A

B

17
Q

In cases of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses, what is the primary pathological mechanism?
A) Excess dopamine release from the hypothalamus
B) Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons
C) Overproduction of somatostatin
D) Increased CRH secretion

A

B

18
Q

What is the primary function of the long hypophyseal portal vessels?
A) Transport of posterior pituitary hormones
B) Direct circulation of systemic blood to the pituitary
C) Transport of hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary
D) Inhibition of anterior pituitary hormone release

A

C

19
Q

Which of the following is a direct effect of oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary?
A) Increased milk production
B) Inhibition of FSH and LH release
C) Uterine contractions during labor
D) Suppression of cortisol secretion

A

C

20
Q

Which hormone is secreted in a pulsatile manner to prevent receptor desensitization?
A) Growth hormone
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Prolactin
D) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

D

21
Q

In a negative feedback loop, increased levels of cortisol would most likely result in:
A) Increased CRH and ACTH secretion
B) Decreased TRH and TSH secretion
C) Decreased CRH and ACTH secretion
D) Increased growth hormone secretion

A

C

22
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus is primarily involved in the secretion of oxytocin?
A) Suprachiasmatic nucleus
B) Paraventricular nucleus
C) Arcuate nucleus
D) Supraoptic nucleus

A

B

23
Q

What is the main function of somatostatin in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis?
A) Stimulate prolactin release
B) Inhibit growth hormone release
C) Increase ACTH secretion
D) Enhance TSH release

A

B

24
Q

Which anterior pituitary cell type is responsible for the secretion of ACTH?
A) Lactotrophs
B) Thyrotrophs
C) Corticotrophs
D) Gonadotrophs

A

C

25
Q

If a patient has a pituitary adenoma secreting excess prolactin, which of the following is most likely suppressed?
A) Thyroid hormone production
B) GnRH secretion
C) ACTH release
D) ADH release

A

B

26
Q

Which hormone’s release is directly influenced by the light-dark cycle and the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
A) Oxytocin
B) Melatonin
C) Prolactin
D) Cortisol

A

B

27
Q

Which of the following would most likely increase in a patient experiencing chronic stress?
A) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
B) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
C) Growth hormone
D) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

A

D

28
Q

Inhibition of dopamine would most likely lead to:
A) Increased growth hormone secretion
B) Increased prolactin secretion
C) Decreased ACTH release
D) Decreased FSH and LH release

A

B

29
Q

What is the primary role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
A) Inhibit TSH release
B) Stimulate prolactin release
C) Stimulate TSH and prolactin release
D) Inhibit ACTH release

A

C

30
Q

Which of the following is most directly involved in osmoregulation?
A) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
B) Growth hormone
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Prolactin

A

C

31
Q

What would be the expected result of damage to the infundibulum connecting the hypothalamus and pituitary?
A) Increased oxytocin release
B) Decreased prolactin secretion
C) Impaired delivery of hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary
D) Overproduction of ACTH

A

C

32
Q

Which hormone would most likely increase in response to a drop in blood glucose levels?
A) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
B) Growth hormone
C) Prolactin
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

B

33
Q

During lactation, what is the primary mechanism preventing ovulation?
A) High levels of estrogen
B) Suppression of GnRH by prolactin
C) Increased secretion of FSH
D) Increased dopamine release

A

B

34
Q

Which hormone would most likely increase during dehydration?
A) Oxytocin
B) ACTH
C) ADH (Vasopressin)
D) Prolactin

A

C

35
Q

Which of the following hormones does NOT follow a circadian rhythm of secretion?
A) Cortisol
B) Growth hormone
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin

A

D

2024 Vet physiology (76 decks)

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