Exam 4: Lecture 50: Acid-base disorders

Question 1

Is a chemical or physiological buffer system the first line of defense

Answer 1

chemical

Question 2

Is a chemical or physiological buffer system the second line of defesne

Answer 2

physiological

Question 3

What type of buffer system is this?

• Respiratory mechanism: CO2 excretion
• renal mechanism: H+ excretion

Answer 3

physiological buffer system

Question 4

What type of buffer system is this?

• bicarbonate buffer system
• phosphate buffer system
• protein buffer system

Answer 4

chemical buffer system

Question 5

How fast does the extracellular buffer by HCO3 take to respond to an increase in H+ load

Answer 5

seconds/Immediate

Question 6

How fast does the increase in renal excretion and H+ excretion take to respond to an increase in H+ load

Answer 6

Hours to days

Question 7

How fast does the intracellular buffering (EX: hemoglobin) take to respond to an increase in H+ load

Answer 7

up to 4 hours

Question 8

How fast does the respiratory buffering by PCO2 take to respond to an increase in H+ load

Answer 8

minutes

Question 9

What are the two extracellular buffers for H+ load

Answer 9

bicarbonate (HCO3-)
phosphate (H2PO4-)

Question 10

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and Carbonic acid (H2CO3) are part of what buffering system?

Answer 10

bicarbonate buffering system

Question 11

What is the idea ratio of HCO3-:H2CO3

Answer 11

20:1

Question 12

What is the major intracellular buffer

Answer 12

phosphate buffering system

Question 13

In intracellular buffer what is only for inside red blood cells?

Answer 13

Hemoglobin

Question 14

Where can the following be found as buffers?

• Bicabonate -carbonic acid
• hemoglobin
• proteins (Imidazole of histidine and alpha-amino acids)
• organic phosphates (ATP)

Answer 14

intracellular buffers

Question 15

How can the respiratory be used as a buffering system

Answer 15

• exhalation of carbon dioxide

Question 16

T/F: The respiratory buffering system can only work with fatty acids

Answer 16

false: Only work with volatile acids

Question 17

T/F: No matter the rate or depth of breathing, will pH stay the same?

Answer 17

NO!!! Rate and depth of breathing can change body pH

Question 18

What buffering system is used to eliminate large portions of acids and some base?

Answer 18

renal buffering system

Question 19

What buffering system can conserve and produce bicarbonate ions

Answer 19

renal buffering mechanism

Question 20

T/F: If kidneys fail the pH balance fails?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

What buffering system can reabsorb HCO3- for the elimination of acids?

Answer 21

renal buffering system

Question 22

Fixed acids must be ______ until they are excreted.

Answer 22

buffered

Question 23

What are the two mechanisms for the excretion of fixed acids (non-volatile acids)

Answer 23

titratable acid (inorganic phopshate)

ammonium (NH4+)

Question 24

What is the outcome of pH balance is the kidneys fail?

Answer 24

acidemia

Question 25

In what cell does the reabosprtion of HCO3- occur in the renal buffering system

Answer 25

tubular cell

Question 26

What enzyme can convert H2CO3 into CO2 + H20 and vice versa

Answer 26

carbonic anhydrase

Question 27

How are titratable acids excreted via the urinary buffers

Answer 27

H+ excreted by urinary buffers

Question 28

Is phosphate or creatinine a better buffer in the urinary buffering system?

Answer 28

phosphate