Exam 5: Lecture 70: Adrenal Coretx: AI Questions

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of cortisol on energy metabolism?
A) Increased gluconeogenesis
B) Decreased lipolysis
C) Increased glycogen synthesis
D) Temporary insulin resistance

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The primary effect of cortisol on bone metabolism is:
A) Enhanced bone formation
B) Increased bone resorption
C) Increased collagen synthesis
D) Decreased osteoclast activity

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which enzyme is critical for androgen production in the zona reticularis?
A) 11β-hydroxylase
B) 17,20-lyase
C) 21-hydroxylase
D) PNMT

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Chronic high levels of cortisol can result in:
A) Hyperglycemia and muscle hypertrophy
B) Hypoglycemia and increased bone density
C) Hyperglycemia and protein catabolism
D) Increased immune response

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids?
A) Zona glomerulosa
B) Zona fasciculata
C) Zona reticularis
D) Adrenal medulla

Answer 5

A

Question 6

The primary function of aldosterone is to:
A) Increase blood glucose levels
B) Regulate sodium and potassium balance
C) Inhibit cortisol production
D) Decrease heart rate

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Addison’s disease is characterized by:
A) Hyperaldosteronism
B) Excess cortisol production
C) Hypoadrenocorticism
D) Increased insulin resistance

Answer 7

C

Question 8

In Cushing’s syndrome, you would expect to find:
A) Low cortisol, high ACTH
B) High cortisol, low ACTH
C) Low aldosterone, high renin
D) High aldosterone, low cortisol

Answer 8

B

Question 9

Which hormone increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and decreases ADH secretion?
A) Epinephrine
B) Aldosterone
C) Cortisol
D) Insulin

Answer 9

C

Question 10

The production of weak androgens like DHEA in the adrenal cortex is regulated by:
A) ACTH
B) TSH
C) Renin
D) Epinephrine

Answer 10

A

Question 11

The adrenal cortex hormone that exhibits anti-inflammatory effects is:
A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) DHEA
D) Norepinephrine

Answer 11

B

Question 12

Long-term administration of glucocorticoids can lead to:
A) Adrenal hyperplasia
B) Increased ACTH secretion
C) Adrenal atrophy
D) Enhanced immune response

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Which hormone primarily acts to increase sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?
A) Cortisol
B) Epinephrine
C) Aldosterone
D) Androstenedione

Answer 13

C

Question 14

The main precursor molecule for all steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex is:
A) Pregnenolone
B) Progesterone
C) Cholesterol
D) Cortisone

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Which enzyme deficiency would most likely result in a decrease in cortisol and aldosterone production?
A) 21-hydroxylase
B) 17α-hydroxylase
C) 11β-hydroxylase
D) Aromatase

Answer 15

A

Question 16

Hyperaldosteronism is characterized by:
A) Low blood pressure and hyperkalemia
B) High blood pressure and hypokalemia
C) Low blood pressure and hyponatremia
D) High blood pressure and hypernatremia

Answer 16

B

Question 17

In the HPA axis, the role of ACTH is to:
A) Stimulate aldosterone synthesis
B) Inhibit cortisol release
C) Stimulate cortisol production in the adrenal cortex
D) Enhance norepinephrine release

Answer 17

C

Question 18

A common clinical sign of Cushing’s disease in dogs is:
A) Increased appetite and polyuria
B) Hyperpigmentation of the skin
C) Increased muscle mass
D) Bradycardia

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Which hormone helps maintain vascular tone by upregulating α-1 adrenergic receptors?
A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Epinephrine
D) DHEA

Answer 19

B

Question 20

The use of spironolactone in treating hyperaldosteronism is due to its role as a:
A) Glucocorticoid receptor agonist
B) Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
C) Catecholamine synthesis inhibitor
D) ACTH receptor blocker

Answer 20

B

Question 21

Which of the following is a permissive effect of cortisol?
A) Direct increase in blood pressure
B) Amplification of catecholamine action
C) Decrease in blood glucose levels
D) Inhibition of aldosterone secretion

Answer 21

B

Question 22

An elevated level of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in blood tests may indicate:
A) Primary hyperaldosteronism
B) 21-hydroxylase deficiency
C) Increased androgen production
D) Hypoadrenocorticism

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Which of the following is a typical clinical sign of Addison’s disease in dogs?
A) Hypertension
B) Hyperpigmentation and electrolyte imbalances
C) Polyuria and polydipsia
D) Increased appetite and hyperactivity

Answer 23

B

Question 24

Cortisol suppresses the immune response by inhibiting which enzyme?
A) Phospholipase A2
B) 5-alpha reductase
C) Aromatase
D) Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 24

A

Question 25

A deficiency in cortisol and aldosterone due to autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex would most likely result in:
A) Hypernatremia
B) Hypoglycemia and hyperkalemia
C) Hyperglycemia and hypokalemia
D) Polycythemia

Answer 25

B

Question 26

In the case of iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome, the cause is typically:
A) Pituitary adenoma
B) Adrenal tumor
C) Chronic administration of glucocorticoids
D) Excessive production of ACTH

Answer 26

C

Question 27

Which hormone from the adrenal cortex is crucial for sodium retention and potassium excretion?
A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) DHEA
D) Epinephrine

Answer 27

B

Question 28

In Cushing’s disease caused by a pituitary tumor, you would expect to find:
A) Low cortisol and low ACTH
B) High cortisol and high ACTH
C) High aldosterone and low cortisol
D) Low cortisol and high aldosterone

Answer 28

B

Question 29

Which hormone increases appetite and can lead to visceral obesity when in excess?
A) DHEA
B) Epinephrine
C) Cortisol
D) Aldosterone

Answer 29

C

Question 30

The action of angiotensin II on the adrenal cortex results in:
A) Increased DHEA synthesis
B) Increased epinephrine release
C) Enhanced aldosterone secretion
D) Decreased cortisol production

Answer 30

C

Question 31

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex primarily produces:
A) Mineralocorticoids
B) Glucocorticoids
C) Androgens
D) Catecholamines

Answer 31

B

Question 32

Which of the following is a common sign of hyperaldosteronism in cats?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Muscle weakness due to hypokalemia
C) Hyperpigmentation
D) Bradycardia

Answer 32

B

Question 33

Which diagnostic test is commonly used to confirm hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease)?
A) Serum T4 measurement
B) ACTH stimulation test
C) Fasting blood glucose test
D) Serum calcium test

Answer 33

B

Question 34

The permissive effects of cortisol are necessary for the action of:
A) Aldosterone on sodium reabsorption
B) Epinephrine on vascular tone
C) Insulin on glucose uptake
D) DHEA on androgen synthesis

Answer 34

B

Question 35

In primary hyperaldosteronism, what is the typical effect on blood electrolytes?
A) Hypernatremia and hypokalemia
B) Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
C) Hyperkalemia and increased calcium
D) Normal sodium and potassium levels

Answer 35

A