Week 9 - Infection

Question 1

What is infection categorized by? (4)

Answer 1

• type of pathogen (bacterial, fungal, protozoa/parasitic)
• mode of transmission
• trajectory of illness
• body systems affected

Question 2

What is a local infection?

Answer 2

limited to a specific area on the body

Question 3

What is a systemic infection?

Answer 3

• affects the entire body and can cause sepsis

Question 4

What is sepsis?

Answer 4

• life-threatening response of the body to an infection and widespread inflammation (blood bound)

Question 5

What is an acute infection?

Answer 5

• lasting a few days or weeks

Question 6

What is a chronic infection?`

Answer 6

• typically longer than 12 weeks or uncurable

Question 7

Give an example of a communicable and non-communicable disease.

Answer 7

Communicable - Influenza
Non-communicable - Peritonitis

Question 8

infection Process Venn Diagram

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the 4 stages of infectious diseases?

Answer 9

1. Incubation
2. Prodromal
3. Illness
4. Convalescence

Question 10

What occurs in the incubation period? (2)

Answer 10

• Entrance of pathogen
• appearance of symptoms

Question 11

What occurs in the prodromal stage?

Answer 11

• Onset of nonspecific symptoms to more specific symptoms (spread risk)

Question 12

What occurs in the illness stage?

Answer 12

• Patient manifests symptoms specific to the type of infection (peak)

Question 13

What occurs in the convalescence period? (2)

Answer 13

• Acute symptoms disappear and body returns to homeostasis
• recovery occurs

Question 14

What are risk factors for infection? Answer for these categories:

1. Natural Immunity
2. Normal Flora
3. Age
4. Hormonal Factors
5. Phagocytosis

Answer 14

1. Natural immunity
   - congenital or acquired immune deficiencies (suppressed): chronic disease
2. Normal Flora - altered by antibiotics
3. Age - Infants and older adults
4. Hormonal Factors - DM, steroids, adrenal insufficiency, stress
5. Phagocytosis - Neutropenia

Question 15

What are risk factors for infection? Answer for these categories:

1. Skin, mucous membranes
2. Nutrition
3. Environmental Factors
4. Medical Interventions

Answer 15

1. Skin, mucous membranes
   - break in skin
2. Nutrition
   -Malnutrition or dehydration
3. Environmental Factors
   - tobacco or alcohol, inhalation of toxins
4. Medical Interventions
   - Endoscopy, catheters, IVs, steroids