Week 9 - Hypersensitivity + Risk Factors

Question 1

What are hypersensitivity disorders? (2)

Answer 1

• Abnormal condition characterized by an exaggerated response of the immune system to an antigen
• Inappropriate and excessive

Question 2

What is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 2

• IgE mediated or Atopic (allergic)
  ie. Rhinitis, runny nose, sneezing

You are exposed once but there is no rxn bc body is learning how to react and develop antibodies

Question 3

What is a Type II hypersensitivity reaction? (2)

Answer 3

• Cytotoxic-autoantibodies
• Blood transfusion erros

Question 4

What is a type III hypersensitivity reaction? (2)

Answer 4

• Immune Complex-mediated deposits in tissue
• Autoimmune disorders

massive amounts of antigen and antibody complexes, causing blockage of blood flow
ie. Lupus

Question 5

What is a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction? (2)

Answer 5

• Delayed hypersensitivity
• contact dermatitis, insect stings

Question 6

What is the difference in immunity when it comes to in utero?

Answer 6

• immature (immune system)

Question 7

What is the difference in immunity when it comes to infancy and childhood?

Answer 7

• Matures and is supported by exposure to antigens and vaccinations

Question 8

What is the difference in immunity when it comes to advancing age? (4)

Answer 8

• Immunity and response decline with age
• Diminished immune response and more serious complications
• Lessened efficacy of vaccination
• Increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases

so you may need boosters

Question 9

What are risk factors for changes in immunity? (8)

Answer 9

1. Age - Infants and elderly
2. Environmental exposure
3. Non-immunized
4. Chronic Illness
5. Chronic drug therapy (corticosteroids, chemo)
6. Gender/race/ethnicity
7. High risk behaviours/substance abuse
8. Genetics