Week 7 - Hypertension Continued Flashcards
1
Q
Which populations are at risk for hypertension? (3)
A
- Black Canadians and people of South Asian decent have increased rates of HTN and develop it at younger ages
- Indigenous adults have a higher prevalence of HTN than the overall Canadian population
- More common in older women than men
2
Q
Individuals Risk Factors for Impaired Perfusion
A
3
Q
how is HTN diagnosed? (4)
A
- Nurses do not diagnose, but it is important to know that one high measurement alone does not mean HTN
- Diagnosis of HTN is complex
- requires more than one measurement on more than one visit within a month
- This ensures that outside factors like stress or exercise are not the cause of the high BP
4
Q
What is primary/essential HTN? (3)
A
- most common type
- cause is unknown (we can identify risk factors)
- 90-95% of clients
5
Q
What is secondary HTN? (4)
A
- Less common
- cause is usually an underlying disease or medication (ie. Cushing)
- 5-10% adults with HTN
- 80% children with HTN
6
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of HTN? (9)
A
- known as the “silent disease” because almost all clients are asymptomatic
- clients who are untreated may have end-organ damage to kidney, heart, etc.
Symptoms for severe HTN:
- fatigue
- dizziness
- palpitations
- Angina
- Dyspnea
- low exercise imbalance
- HEADACHES
7
Q
What is the first line of treating HTN? (5)
A
Lifestyle changes
- Weight loss if indicated
- Dietary changes*
- Regular physical activity
- smoking cessation bc it is a vasoconstrictor
8
Q
What is the DASH diet for HTN? (4)
A
- healthy foods
- low sodium
- low saturated fat
- reduced alcohol
9
Q
When will pharmacotherapy be initiated if lifestyle changes have not reduced BP?
A
3 months after
