Week 7 - ACE Inhibitors and Beta Blockers Flashcards
1
Q
How do ACE inhibitors like Captopril work? (2)
A
- inhibit the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
- works by stopping conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
2
Q
What does captopril do to blood vessels and blood volume?
A
- dilate blood vessels
- decrease blood volume
3
Q
ACE inhibitors are less effective in which demographic?
A
- African Americans
4
Q
What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors? (5)
A
- risk of first-dose hypotension with captopril
- risk of hyperkalemia (bc of aldosterone)
- May cause renal injury in pts with renal conditions
- Also prevent breakdown of bradykinin by ACE, which can lead to side effects such as angioedema and dry cough
- hypotension
5
Q
ACE inhibitor diagram
A
6
Q
are ACE and kinase the same?
A
- yes
7
Q
Which drug is a beta blocker?
A
- metoprolol
8
Q
How do beta adrenergic blockers work? (5)
A
- Targets SNS (fight or flight)
- Block Beta 1 Cardiac Receptors*
- suppresses reflex tachycardia caused by vasodilators
- Block Beta 1 renal receptors
- Decreases systemic vascular resistance if taken long-term (MOA unknown)
9
Q
What occurs when beta blockers block beta 1 CARDIAC receptors?
A
- decreases HR and contractility so cardiac output falls
10
Q
What occurs when beta blockers block beta 1 RENAL receptors?
A
- Renin release is decreased which will decrease BP via inhibition of the RAAS
11
Q
What are the side effects of beta Adrenergic blockers? (5)
A
- bradycardia
- low cardiac output
- hypotension
- masks signs of hypoglycemia
- may result in dizziness, lightheadedness
12
Q
Before you give a beta blocker like metoprolol, what should you always assess?
A
BP and HR
- we often hold metoprolol not bc of low BP but because of low HR
13
Q
What was a common side effect/adverse effect for antihypertensive medications? (2)
A
- many cause hypokalemia, especially if they work on the kidney
- ALL antihypertensive therapy have the potential to cause hypotension or BP that is too low (we overtreat it)
