Week 3: Efficacy and Potency Flashcards

1
Q

What is efficacy of a drug?

A

How good the drug is at their job

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2
Q

What is potency of a drug?

A

strength, how strong the drug is

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3
Q

What is the relationship between drugs and receptors?

A
  • drugs are chemicals that can only produce effects that are physiologic activities normally regulated by the body’s receptors
  • they essentially mimic or stop what our bodies are doing
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4
Q

What are agonists? (3)

A
  • Mimic the action of endogenous (inside body) regulatory hormones
  • partial agonists
    ex. Beta agonists (gas exchange drugs)
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5
Q

What are antagonists?

A
  • block/prevent the action of endogenous regulatory molecules
  • non-competitive vs competitive
    ex. Beta blockers (perfusion drugs0
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6
Q

What do non-competitive antagonist drugs do? (3)

A
  • “plug the keyhole” irreversibly
  • prevent drug from attaching
  • ex. KETAMINE
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7
Q

What do competitive antagonist drugs do? (2)

A
  • compete with drugs at the keyhole and whichever has the highest concentration will attach
  • reversible
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8
Q

How is naloxone a competitive antagonist drug?

A

It blocks opioids until plasma concentration levels drop below opioid blood level
- repeat dose

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9
Q

What are the four primary receptor families?

A
  1. Cell membrane-embedded enzymes
  2. Ligand-gated ion channels
  3. G Protein-Coupled receptor systems
  4. transcription factors
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10
Q

What is the therapeutic INDEX?

A
  • measure of a drug’s safety
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11
Q

What does it mean if a drug has a small or narrow therapeutic index?

A
  • unsafe or high risk for toxicity
  • the smaller the number, the more dangerous
    ex. Phenytoin (dilantin) has a TI of 2
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12
Q

Why is the therapeutic index important?

A
  • we use this information to help predict drug interactions
  • low TI are often monitored with lab tests
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13
Q

What are inducers?

A

drugs that increase metabolism of other drugs

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14
Q

What are inhibitors?

A
  • drugs that decrease metabolism of other drugs
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15
Q

Are OTC herbal supplements okay to use? (4)

A
  • know benefits and risks
  • safety
  • medication review
  • patient education
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16
Q

What is altered absorption when it comes to drug and supplement interactions? (3)

A
  • calcium containing foods can reduce absorption (milk products or calcium supplements)
  • high fiber foods can reduce absorption
  • High calorie meals can double absorption rate (HIV drugs)
17
Q

What is altered metabolism? (3)

A
  • grapefruit juice inhibits metabolism by raising serum drug levels
  • supplements
  • herbal medicine
18
Q

When should you take drugs on an empty stomach? (3)

A
  • if absorption is decreased
  • 1 hour before meal
  • or 2 hours after
19
Q

When should you take drugs with food? (2)

A
  • if absorption increased
  • if causes GI upset