Week 4 - Sleep

Question 1

What is the normal physiologic process of sleep? (2)

Answer 1

1. Period of wakefulness
2. Period of rest and sleep that enables physiological restoration

Question 2

What are the stages of sleep? (7)

Answer 2

• Non rapid eye movement (NREM0
• 5-15 minute stages
  1. Stage 1 N1 - light sleep
  2. Stage 2 N2 - no eye movement
  3. Stage 3 N3 - deep sleep
• slow delta waves and small, fast waves
  4. Stage 4 N4 - deep sleep
• mostly slow delta waves
• rapid eye movement (REM) 90 minutes

Question 3

What is sleep interconnected with? (8)

Answer 3

• perfusion
• hormonal regulation
• pain
• elimination
• stress and coping
• fatigue
• cognition
• gas exchange

Question 4

What is insomnia? (2)

Answer 4

• inability to sleep well
• transient for some, chronic for others

Question 5

What is the cause of insomnia? (3)

Answer 5

• often the result of a medical condition
• psychiatric disorders and pain are two common causes
• treatment depends on cause

Question 6

What are the consequences of poor sleep? (6)

Answer 6

1. Daytime sleepiness
2. Psychological and emotional impacts
3. Regulatory mechanisms of the body impaired*
4. Reproductive disorders
5. Increased mortality
6. Developmental and behavioural abnormalities in children

Question 7

Which regulatory mechanisms of the body are impaired due to poor sleep? (4)

Answer 7

• hypertension
• heart disease
• stroke
• obesity

Question 8

What are clinical management strategies for trouble sleeping? (3 steps, 8 points)

Answer 8

1. Primary prevention
   - sleep hygiene strategies (regular, same every night)
2. Secondary prevention
   - screening
3. Common pharmaceuticals
   - melatonin
   - zopiclone
   - zolpidem