Week 4 - MOA of Morphine + Other Opioids Flashcards
MOA of morphine diagram
masks clinical manifestations
What are the contraindications of morphine? (6)
- known drug allergies
- severe asthma
Caution in patients with - respiratory insufficiency
- elevated intracranial pressure
- morbid obesity
- sleep apnea
What are the adverse effects of morphine on the CNS? (3)
- sedation
- disorientation
- euphoria
What are the adverse effects of morphine on the CVS? (3)
- Hypotension
- palpitations
- flushing
What are the adverse effects of morphine on the Respiratory system? (2)
- respiratory depression
- asthma exacerbation
What are the adverse effects of morphine on the GI tract? (4)
- nausea
- vomiting
- constipation
- biliary tract spasm
What are the adverse effects of morphine on the GU system?
- urinary retention
What are the adverse effects of morphine on the integumentary system? (2)
- itching
- rash
Fentanyl is also a strong opioid agonist. How much potent is fentanyl than morphine?
100 times the potency of morphine
Formulations of fentanyl are given via 3 routes. What are they?
- Parenteral
- surgical anesthesia - Transdermal (duragesic)
- patch: Heat acceleration - transmucosal
- lozenges on a stick (cancer pts)
How do opioid antagonists work? (2)
- act as antagonists at mu and kappa receptors
- binds to the opioid receptors but produce no analgesia
What is an example of an opioid antagonist?
naloxone
What happens when an antagonist is present? (2)
- competes with opioid molecules for binding sites on the opioid receptors
- has potential to block analgesia and other effects
When are opioid antagonists used?
- most often to reverse opioid effects like sedation and respiratory depression
Those on the second step of pain should receive adjuvant therapy with what drugs? (2)
- acetaminophen
- anti-inflammatory medications
- Both
