Week 3: Pharmacokinetics - Absorption

Question 1

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

what happens to drugs inside the body

Question 2

What are the 2 types of drug movement?

Answer 2

passive and active

Question 3

What are the 4 types of passive drug movement?

Answer 3

• lipid solubility
• ionization
• pH
• facilitated diffusion

Question 4

What are nonionized drugs? (2)

Answer 4

• lipid soluble
• penetrate since no charge

Question 5

What are ionized drugs? (2)

Answer 5

• water soluble
• excreted since charged

Question 6

Some drugs are weak acids. Where do these drugs stay? (3)

Answer 6

• ex. aspirin
• stay nonionized in acidic environment like the stomach
• ionize in alkaline environment like the small intestine

Question 7

Some drugs are weak bases. Where do weak bases stay? (3)

Answer 7

• ex. morphine
• in the stomach it becomes ionized (not absorbed)
• once it reaches a small intestines (alkaline environment) the remaining nonionized form is then absorbed

Question 8

What is absorption?

Answer 8

taking smth until it gets to the blood

Question 9

What are the 3 enteral routes?

Answer 9

• Oral, PO (per oral) by mouth
• sublingual or buccal (absorbed, not digested)
• Rectal, PR (suppository or enema, absorbed, not digested)

Question 10

What are some parenteral routes?

Answer 10

• subcutaneous
• Intramuscular injection
• IV
• Intradermal
  -Intraosseus
• epidural
• intraperitoneal

Question 11

What are other routes on entry? (3)

Answer 11

• topical (on skin)
• transdermal (patch)
• inhalation

Question 12

How can a drug have a faster absorption rate and onset of action?

Answer 12

• the fewer the absorption barriers the drug must pass through, the faster it reaches target cells and produce systemic response

Question 13

What is the slowest and fastest route for absorption and onset of action?

Answer 13

Fastest - IV
slowest - oral
note that inhalation is also quick due to surface area

Question 14

What is the general concept of bioavailability?

Answer 14

• The more times a drug has to be broken down to reach the blood, the less amount of the drug available to do effects
• ie. oral vs IV, IV goes directly to the blood

Question 15

What are some considerations regarding oral medications? (5)

Answer 15

Can I:
- take with food
- crushing the medication
- open the capsule
- onset of action + when to follow up
- resources when you are unsure of a med