Week 8 - Inflammation Flashcards
What is inflammation? (3)
- an immunologic defense against tissue injury, infection or allergy
- the body’s reaction to injury, irritation, or infection characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, and/or pain
- caused by accumulation of immune cells and substances around the injury or infection
What does inflammation initiate?
- protective process initiated to minimize or remove the pathologic agent or stimulus triggering the inflammation, and to promote healing
What is the correlation between inflammation and infection?
- inflammation is always present with infection, BUT it can also occur in the absence of infection
so inflammation is the first part of infection, but we will not always get infection with inflammation
What is an example of an active acute inflammation?
- sprained ankle (W/I next couple of hours)
What is an example of an active chronic inflammation? (2)
- autoimmune diseases (MS, Lupus)
- long standing, long periods of time
What is an example of active repair/restorative inflammation?
- you broke your arm so now your body is repairing and restoring it
What is local inflammation?
- one area
ie. wrist
What is a systemic inflammation?
all over
What is an example of:
a) Chronic local inflammation
b) acute systemic
c) chronic systemic
a) tuberculosis
b) infectious process
c) entire body infected by autoimmune disease
What are the triggers of inflammation? (4)
- Mechanical trauma
- Thermal, electrical, or chemical injury
- radiation damage
- Biological assault (infections) ie. bacterial, viral
What is the goal for the normal inflammatory response? (2)
- restore normal function of cells
- Fibrous repairs when cells cannot be restored
What is the function of WBC?
- WBC and chemicals serve to protect the body from invaders or cellular/tissue damage
scarring occurs if you cannot regenerate those cells
Types of WBC diagram
What are the 2 types of WBC?
- granulocytes
- Agranulocytes
What are the 3 types of granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are neutrophils? (3)
- helps in phagocytosis
- biggest fighter in WBC (75%)
- determinant if you can easily battle infection
What are mature neutrophils called? How about immature?
Mature - segmented
Immature - bands
- does not actually cause inflammation
What is the purpose of eosinophils?
- fights against parasitic infection
What is the purpose of basophils?
- produces inflammatory and allergic reactions
What are the 2 types of Agranulocytes?
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
What is the purpose of lymphocytes?
Produces specific immune responses
What is the purpose of monocytes?
- fights off bacteria, viruses and fungi
What are the 3 types of lymphocytes?
- B lymphocytes
- T Lymphocytes
- Natural Killer Cells
What is chemotaxis?
- a complex process involving more than a dozen different chemicals (proinflammatory hormones)
What is chemotaxis stimulated by? (4)
- Bacterial or viral exotoxins
- degenerative by-products of inflammation
- Products of complement system activation
- Reactive products of plasma clotting
What do WBC do when chemotaxis occurs?
- they head to inflammation
Like an alarm when WBC notified about danger
What are the 3 proinflammatory hormones?
- Prostaglandins
- Histamines
- Cytokines
What do proinflammatory hormones do? (7)
- Increase blood flow to the area of injury
- Increase vascular permeability (make things leak in membranes to IF)
- Activate components of an immune response
- Attract leukocytes to area of injury
- Promote angiogenesis
- Stimulate connective tissue growth
- Cause fever
What is angiogenesis?
Creating of new blood vessels
