Week 7 - Pharmacological Treatment of HTN - Diuretics

Question 1

What are the 3 classes of drugs used to treat HTN?

Answer 1

• diuretics
• ACE inhibitors
• Beta-Adrenergic blockers

Question 2

What are the 3 diuretics used to treat HTN?

Answer 2

• Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide)
• Loop diuretics (Furosemide)
• Potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone)

Question 3

Which ACE inhibitor is used to treat HTN?

Answer 3

captopril

Question 4

Which Beta-adrenergic blocker is used to treat HTN?

Answer 4

metoprolol

Question 5

For diuretics, how will it be more effective at removing water and solutes from the system?

Answer 5

the closer to the nephron

Question 6

Which is the first line of drug for HTN in Canada?

Answer 6

• Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 7

How does hydrochlorothiazide work? (2)

Answer 7

• reduce blood volume
• reduce arterial resistance

Question 8

When should you take hydrochlorthiazide?

Answer 8

in the morning because it causes increased urination

Question 9

What are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide? (3)

Answer 9

• hypokalemia
• hypotension
• hypovolemia

Question 10

What should be done if hypokalemia occurs with use of hydrochlorothiazide? (2)

Answer 10

• Clients should be encouraged to eat potassium-rich foods like bananas, citrus
• may take potassium supplements or add a potassium-sparing diuretic like spironolactone

Question 11

How does furosemide work? (2)

Answer 11

• stronger diuretic because it works on the loop of henle where most of the sodium and chloride is reabsorbed (20%)
• capable of producing profound diuresis; removes excess water quickly

Question 12

When would furosemide be used? When and how would it be administered?

Answer 12

• not commonly used to treat general HTN because they are too strong, but may be used in certain cases
• given orally or IV
• give in the morning/day as it will cause frequent urination

Question 13

What does furosemide promote? (2)

Answer 13

• lower blood volume
• promote vasodilation

Question 14

What are the side effects of furosemide? (6)

Answer 14

• hypokalemia (may need supplements)
• hyponatremia
• dehydration
• hypotension
• hyperglycemia
• may lead to ototoxicity and hearing loss

Question 15

How does spironolactone work? (3)

Answer 15

• causes a small degree of diuresis to help manage HTN
• not effective enough at diuresis to be used alone to manage HTN
• conserves K+, causing potassium to be reabsorbed in the kidney

Question 16

What are the side effects of spironolactone? (3)

Answer 16

• hyperkalemia
• can be dangerous as it affects functioning of the heart
• endocrine effects include gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities

Question 17

Diuretics effectiveness at water removal pictures

Answer 17

Also review RAAS