Valvular Heart Disease Pathology

Question 1

Most cases of systemic hypertension are __________.

Answer 1

primary (as in, not caused by something else) and idiopathic

Question 2

Secondary causes of systemic hypertension (which are rare) include __________.

Answer 2

coarctation of the aorta, renal stenosis, and endocrine disorders

Question 3

Hypertrophy results from increased number of __________.

Answer 3

myofibrils and sarcomeres to existing myocytes

Question 4

Boxcar nuclei are ________; they are characteristic of __________.

Answer 4

large rectangular nuclei present in cardiac myocytes; cardiac hypertrophy

Question 5

Kidney disease can be a _______ or ________ of heart disease.

Answer 5

cause of; effect of

Question 6

In rheumatic heart fever, the chorae tendonae become ____________.

Answer 6

shorter and thicker

Question 7

Calcific aortic valves occur at a younger age in _____________.

Answer 7

those with bicuspid aortic valves