Urinalysis Flashcards
Serum creatinine and BUN rise after glomerular filtration rate falls below __________.
40 ml/min
Why is creatinine a good indicator of GFR?
Because it is not reabsorbed (mostly)
It is not bound to plasma proteins
It is only partially secreted by the peritubular capillaries
Urine must be analyzed within _____ hours to be accurate.
two (if you need to wait longer than two hours, then the sample must be refrigerated)
Polyuria is roughly defined as ____________.
greater than 2 liters of urine in 24 hours
For urine cultures, incubation must be done for longer if the patient ___________.
is receiving antibiotics
What are 24-hour samples used for?
Hormone detection, protein electrophoresis, and electrolyte analysis
Anuria is defined as less than __________.
100 ml of urine over 24 hours
List the colors of some common urine abnormalities.
Bile: yellow/green/brown
Urobilinogen: orange/red/brown
Blood and hemoglobin: red/pink
Methemoglobin, L-dopa, rhabdomyolysis: black
Reagent strips must be ____________.
kept in a cool, dry space with a tight lid
Reagent strips should be placed into urine for no longer than ________.
one second
Alkaline urine is a hallmark of __________.
renal tubular acidosis
Normally, there is less than _______ grams of protein in a day’s worth of urine.
0.5
What are some patient characteristics that might increase protein content in the urine?
Age (i.e., the elderly)
Posture (standing makes you have more protein in the urine)
Nephrotic syndrome
Multiple myeloma
What two proteins account for most of the urinary protein?
Albumin and Tamm-Horsfall
Proteinuria is defined as __________.
greater than 150 mg/dl
