Pneumonia and Influenza

Question 1

What is the technical definition of pneumonia?

Answer 1

(n.) a disease of the lungs that is characterized by inflammation of the parenchyma and fluid accumulation in the alveoli

Question 2

The lower airways are usually _________.

Answer 2

sterile

Question 3

________ oil can cause pneumonia.

Answer 3

Mineral

Question 4

Leukopenia has a ________ prognosis than leukocytosis.

Answer 4

worse

Question 5

Blood cultures are positive less than ____ percent of the time in those with pneumonia; sputum cultures are positive less than ______ percent.

Answer 5

20; 10

Question 6

How do microbes enter the alveoli?

Answer 6

Hematogenous spread
Inhalation aspiration
Gastric aspiration
Passing from adjacent structures
Reactivation

Question 7

What are the “typical” pneumonia bacteria?

Answer 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Aerobic Gram-negative bacteria
Anerobes
Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 8

What are the “atypical” pneumonia bacteria?

Answer 8

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella
Chlamydia pneumoniae
C. psittaci

Question 9

What are the clinical signs of pneumonia?

Answer 9

Fever
Pleuritic chest pain
Dyspnea
Sputum production
GI symptoms
Mental status changes
Cough
Tachypnea
Rales/crackles
Eegophony

Question 10

Most community-acquired pneumonia is ____________ bacteria.

Answer 10

typical

Question 11

What three treatments are typically recommended in treating community-acquired pneumonia?

Answer 11

Macrolides
Doxycycline
Fluoroquinolone

Question 12

Antibiotic therapy for VAP, HCAP, and HAP is _____ days, except ________, which get treated for 15 days.

Answer 12

8; S. aureus and P. aeruginosa

Question 13

Analyzing the sputum color is not ___________.

Answer 13

sensitive or specific

Question 14

If you are diagnosed with pneumonia within the first 48 hours of being admitted to a hospital, then it is considered _________.

Answer 14

community-acquired

Question 15

If you have a diagnosis of pneumonia within 14 days of discharge, then the pneumonia is considered __________.

Answer 15

healthcare- or hospital-acquired

Question 16

Non-ICU CAP is treated with __________.

Answer 16

respiratory fluoroquinolones or ß-lactams and macrolides

Question 17

What is CAP treated with in the ICU?

Answer 17

ß-lactam and macrolide
ß-lactam and respiratory fluoroquinolone
MRSA therapy

Question 18

_______ are more commonly polymicrobial.

Answer 18

HAP, HCAP, and VAP

Question 19

What organisms are more common in HCAP, VAP, and HAP?

Answer 19

Serratia
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
MRSA

Question 20

It is critical to __________ therapy in the first 72 hours.

Answer 20

de-escalate antibiotic therapy

Question 21

What three branches of microbial life do you need to treat in HCAP, HAP, and VAP?

Answer 21

Anti-pseudomonal (such as pip/taz)
Anti-Gram negative (aminoglycoside)
Anti-MRSA (vancomycin)

Question 22

What is a larger change in the genome, shift or drift?

Answer 22

Shift!

Question 23

What are inhibitors of neurominidase?

Answer 23

Oseltamivir and zanamivir

Question 24

The pneumococcal vaccine is ______ percent effective.

Answer 24

sixty to seventy