Tumors of the Kidney and Urinary Tract Flashcards
When was the first renal malignancy identified?
1810
List the four types of benign renal tumors.
Metanephric adenoma
Angiomyolipoma (vessels and smooth muscle)
Oncocytoma (eosinophilic cells)
Papillary adenoma (circumscribed nodules in the cortex)
What is the most common type of renal tumor in adults?
Renal cell clear cell carcinoma
What genetic disorder increases the incidence of renal cell clear cell carcinoma?
von Hippel-Lindau deletions, translocations, somatic mutations, or hypermethylations
What is the basis of the Fuhrman grade?
Size and character of the nucleus
Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are ______ aggressive than clear cell and papillary carcinomas.
less
Which renal carcinoma has a lot of colloidal iron staining?
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
Likelihood of metastasis is fifteen times greater when the tumor has invaded the ______ fat rather than the _______ fat.
sinus; perirenal
Presence of ________ features indicates a poor prognosis.
sarcomatoid
Other than renal cell clear cell carcinomas, what else does von Hippel-Lindau predispose people to?
Hemangioblastomas of the cerebellum and retina
Bilateral renal cysts
Again, how does VHL work?
It is part of the ubiquitin ligase complex. Normally, it binds to and destroys hypoxia inducible factor. When VHL is defective, HIF is overactive and leads to vascular growth.
For renal tumors, what is the distinction between stage 1 and 2?
Bigger or smaller than 7 cm in size
Metastasis to more than one lymph node upstages the renal cancer to ________.
stage 4
Those with VHL syndrome also have _________ (a non-malignant symptom).
bilateral renal cysts
Renal papillary cancers are associated with what cytogenetic abnormalities?
Trisomy 7, 16, and 17
Loss of Y chromosome (in male patients)
