Aortic and Pulmonic Valve Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Sequelae of bicuspid aortic valves include ____________.

A

aortic stenosis, aortic dilatation, aortic insufficiency (from prolapse), and endocarditis

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2
Q

Management of bicuspid aortic valves includes ____________.

A

screening of aortic size: if the aorta increases to greater than 5.5 cm, surgery is indicated; periodic echocardiography for evaluation of progression; and screening of family members

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3
Q

Rheumatic disease can lead to _______ of the aortic leaflets.

A

fusion of the commissures

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4
Q

Aortic stenosis does not become symptomatic until ___________.

A

late in the disease progression

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5
Q

The most common etiologies of aortic stenosis are __________.

A

bicuspid aortic valve, calcific disease, and rheumatic heart disease

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6
Q

A common physical exam finding of aortic stenosis is a harsh systolic sound at the ___________.

A

right upper sternal border

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7
Q

Aortic insufficiency is defined as _________.

A

faulty valve closure that allows blood to flow backward into the left ventricle during diastole

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8
Q

Bicuspid aortic valve is present in approximately ____ percent of the population.

A

one

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9
Q

Bicuspid aortic valve is ______ common in males than females.

A

more

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10
Q

Bicuspid aortic valve is inherited in a(n) _________ fashion.

A

autosomal dominant

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11
Q

Aortic stenosis has a long ___________ phase; presenting symptoms are _________.

A

asymptomatic; dyspnea on exertion, angina on exertion, and syncope

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12
Q

What sounds indicate aortic stenosis?

A

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur

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13
Q

Surgical intervention is indicated in those with aortic stenosis who ____________.

A

are getting other kinds of heart surgery, are symptomatic, or have ejection fractions less than 50%

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14
Q

Which kind of heart failure does aortic insufficiency lead to?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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15
Q

What are the most common causes of aortic insufficiency?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve, rheumatic heart disease, and aortic root dilation

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16
Q

Pulmonic stenosis leads to ___________.

A

right-heart failure and peripheral edema

17
Q

Pulmonic stenosis often presents as ___________.

A

a congenital disorder in children