CVPR Overview/CV Anatomy Flashcards
While exercising, up to ____ percent of the blood can be shunted to the muscles.
80
At rest, most of the blood flows to the ______.
organs
List the layers of heart tissue from inside to outside.
Endocardium (endothelial cells), myocardium (cardiac muscle), epicardium (connective tissue and fat), visceral pericardium, serosal fluid, parietal pericardium, and the fibrous layer
Which are the atrioventricular valves?
Tricuspid and mitral
The semilunar valves are the ________.
pulmonic and aortic
Which valves have three cusps and which has two?
The mitral has two and the others have three
The sinoatrial node is located in the _________.
wall of the right atrium
What does the atrioventricular node do?
It slows the conduction (stimulated by the spontaneously beating SA node) so that atrial contraction precedes ventricular contraction.
The ____________ rapidly depolarizes and thus coordinate contraction.
His-Purkinje system
Most of the coronary circulation occurs during ________.
diastole, because the coronary arteries get constricted during ventricular contraction
The coronary arteries lie on the _______ surface.
epicardial (though some enter the myocardium)
The two vessel types without smooth muscle are _____________.
capillaries and venules
In general, ______ and ______ decrease as artery size decreases, and ______ increases as artery size decreases.
elastic fibers and collagen fibers; smooth muscle
The primary site of vascular resistance is the __________.
arterioles (the highest ratio of smooth muscle)
Most of the blood is in the _________.
veins
The tunica adventitia (also called the tunica externa) is primarily __________.
collagen and elastin fibers
The tunica media is mostly __________.
innervated smooth muscle
Like veins, lymphatic vessels have _______ to ensure uni-directional flow.
valves
Lymphatic vessels are _______, unlike capillaries.
porous
Cardiac myocytes are connected via _________.
intercalated discs, in which the gap junctions reside
The smallest contractile units are called _________.
sarcomeres
Valves, histologically speaking, are just __________.
fibrous flaps covered by endothelium
Only the _______ have chordae tendons.
atrioventricular
Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by ___________.
arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters
