CVPR Overview/CV Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

While exercising, up to ____ percent of the blood can be shunted to the muscles.

A

80

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2
Q

At rest, most of the blood flows to the ______.

A

organs

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3
Q

List the layers of heart tissue from inside to outside.

A

Endocardium (endothelial cells), myocardium (cardiac muscle), epicardium (connective tissue and fat), visceral pericardium, serosal fluid, parietal pericardium, and the fibrous layer

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4
Q

Which are the atrioventricular valves?

A

Tricuspid and mitral

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5
Q

The semilunar valves are the ________.

A

pulmonic and aortic

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6
Q

Which valves have three cusps and which has two?

A

The mitral has two and the others have three

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7
Q

The sinoatrial node is located in the _________.

A

wall of the right atrium

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8
Q

What does the atrioventricular node do?

A

It slows the conduction (stimulated by the spontaneously beating SA node) so that atrial contraction precedes ventricular contraction.

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9
Q

The ____________ rapidly depolarizes and thus coordinate contraction.

A

His-Purkinje system

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10
Q

Most of the coronary circulation occurs during ________.

A

diastole, because the coronary arteries get constricted during ventricular contraction

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11
Q

The coronary arteries lie on the _______ surface.

A

epicardial (though some enter the myocardium)

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12
Q

The two vessel types without smooth muscle are _____________.

A

capillaries and venules

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13
Q

In general, ______ and ______ decrease as artery size decreases, and ______ increases as artery size decreases.

A

elastic fibers and collagen fibers; smooth muscle

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14
Q

The primary site of vascular resistance is the __________.

A

arterioles (the highest ratio of smooth muscle)

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15
Q

Most of the blood is in the _________.

A

veins

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16
Q

The tunica adventitia (also called the tunica externa) is primarily __________.

A

collagen and elastin fibers

17
Q

The tunica media is mostly __________.

A

innervated smooth muscle

18
Q

Like veins, lymphatic vessels have _______ to ensure uni-directional flow.

A

valves

19
Q

Lymphatic vessels are _______, unlike capillaries.

A

porous

20
Q

Cardiac myocytes are connected via _________.

A

intercalated discs, in which the gap junctions reside

21
Q

The smallest contractile units are called _________.

A

sarcomeres

22
Q

Valves, histologically speaking, are just __________.

A

fibrous flaps covered by endothelium

23
Q

Only the _______ have chordae tendons.

A

atrioventricular

24
Q

Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by ___________.

A

arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters