Developmental and Cystic Diseases

Question 1

What is the definition of hydronephrosis?

Answer 1

Dilation of the renal pelvis by urine

Question 2

Ureteropelvic obstruction is more common in _________.

Answer 2

boys (2:1); the left kidney (67%)

Question 3

What is the most common renal abnormality?

Answer 3

Ureteral duplication (about 1% of the population)

Question 4

Children with recurrent UTIs are 10x more likely to have ___________.

Answer 4

ureteral duplication

Question 5

In ureteral duplication, the ________ ureter is more likely to have VUR.

Answer 5

lower

Question 6

What is ureterocoele?

Answer 6

A terminal dilatation of the intravesical ureter

Question 7

How do urachal remnants present?

Answer 7

Midline mass (30%)
Dysuria
Purulent drainage at the umbilicus

Question 8

Megalocystis results from __________.

Answer 8

bladder outlet obstruction

Question 9

What is Potter’s sequence?

Answer 9

Flattened nose
Large, flattened ears
Infraorbital skin folds

Question 10

Normally, the urachus involutes to form the ____________.

Answer 10

median umbilical remnant

Question 11

What are ventral-facing urethras in males called?

Answer 11

Hypospadias

Question 12

Hypospadias results from ______________.

Answer 12

abnormal fusion of the urogenital folds

Question 13

What is epispadias?

Answer 13

Urethra that opens on the dorsal side

Question 14

What is the term for bladder mucosa that is exposed to the outside due to lack of abdominal wall?

Answer 14

Extrophy

Question 15

In addition to Potter’s sequence, those with oligohydramnios also have a sign on the placenta: _________.

Answer 15

amnion nodosum

Question 16

What causes prune belly?

Answer 16

Atrophy of anterior abdominal muscles due to megalocystis

Question 17

Ureteropelvic junction obstructions can result from ___________.

Answer 17

incomplete canalization of the renal pelvis

Question 18

The most common cause bladder outlet obstruction in boys is _____________.

Answer 18

posterior urethral valve