Pulmonary Physical Exam Flashcards
What is increased depth of breathing called?
Hyperpnea
What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing?
Progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing that leads to a brief apnea spell
Chests that dip inward are called _________.
pectus excavatum
Chests that jut outward are called _________.
pectus carinatum
Tactile fremitus is revealed by _________.
vibrations felt when the patient says “ninety-nine”
Increased tactile fremitus indicates ___________.
lung consolidation (water, pus, or blood in the lungs)
Resonant sounds on percussion indicate ______.
pneumothorax, emphysema, or bullae
Dull sounds on percussion indicate _________.
effusion, consolidation, or atelectasis
Decreased tactile fremitus indicates _________.
pneumothorax, atelectasis, or pleural effusion
A trachea that is “pushed away” indicates __________.
pleural effusion or pneumothorax
A trachea that is “pulled toward” indicates __________.
atelectasis, resection, or fibrosis
Normal breath sounds throughout the lungs are called “________.”
vesicular
Bronchovesicular breath sounds are heard _________.
over the main bronchi
Bronchial breath sounds are heard over the _________ and are more high pitched.
trachea
If bronchial or bronchovesicular sounds are heard in other parts of the lung, then _______ is likely.
pneumonia or atelectesis
Crackles (also called rales) are indicative of ____________.
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or interstitial lung disease
Wheezing indicates ________________.
air passing through a narrowed opening, such as occurs in asthma, COPD, bronchiolitis, or focal obstructions
What are rhonchi and what do they indicate?
Rhonchi are rumbling sounds that occur when air passes through mucus
Eegophony (when the patient says “ee” but it sounds like “ay” through the stethoscope) indicates _________.
consolidation pneumonias
Stridor is ___________.
wheezing heard without the stethoscope–suggestive of an upper airway pathology
Pleural rub sounds like ________ and indicates _________.
rubbing an inflated balloon; pleuritis
What is atelectasis?
a complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung; develops when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated
What is bronchiectasis?
A condition in which the lungs are damaged and become more spacious and floppy
