Exam 3 Review Flashcards
Why do small alveoli tend to collapse in the absence of surfactant?
Because surface tension exerts inward forces on alveoli. Smaller alveoli generate higher internal pressures than larger alveoli causing air to leave small alveoli and travel to large alveoli.
Intrapleural pressure is most negative at the end of ___________.
inspiration
Nicotine gum and patches are both _____ forms of replacement therapy. They should be used on schedules.
long-acting
Fetuses can survive at the end of the _______ stage of lung development.
canalicular
The capillary double bed network fuses in the __________.
final stage (alveolar)
The epithelia differentiate and fuse in the ________ stage.
canalicular
Asymptomatic people with emphysema should be given _________.
SABAs to use PRN
Paradoxical vocal cord movement leads to a flattening of the _______ side of the flow/volume loop.
inspiratory
Elastic work increases with ________; resistance work increases with ________.
tidal volume; respiratory rate
Increased vagus nerve stimulation leads to broncho-________.
constriction
Hysteresis means that the compliance curve shifts _______ during inspiration.
right
Vocal cord dysfunction is treated with __________.
speech therapy
Metabolic acidosis is compensated mainly by the _____________.
peripheral chemoreceptors
The drawback of anti-IgE therapy is ________.
potential for anaphylaxis
Lungs develop from ____-derm.
endo
The lobes are established in the ______ stage.
embryonic
The pseudoglandular stage branches up to __________.
the terminal bronchioles
Which has more smooth muscle, blood vessels or bronchi?
Blood vessels
Which intercostals aid inspiration?
The externals
At the end of inspiration, the intrapleural pressure is roughly ______; at the end of expiration it’s ________.
-30 cm H2O; -5 cm H2O
What formula shows that smaller alveoli generate higher pressure?
P = 2 x (T/r)
What is hyperpnia?
High V(A) and normal P(a[CO2]), such as occurs in exercise
What is the solubility coefficient for arterial oxygen?
0.0013 mM/Torr
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood?
40 Torr
A “rightward shift” in the hemoglobin curve means _____________.
decreased oxygen affinity
What is the formula for C(a[O2])?
SpO2 x Hgb x 1.39 + 0.0013 x P(a[O2])
Which part of the lung has higher V/Q?
The upper
Vocal cord dysfunction will usually present with _________ stridor.
inspiratory
Anticholinergics are approved for _________.
COPD but not asthma
Give the GOLD scale and recommended treatments.
A: SABA
B: SABA, LABA/LAMA
C: SABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS
D: SABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS
Normal PVR is _______ Wood units.
1-2
What type of cell is predominant in the airways of those with chronic bronchitis?
Lymphocytes
Most posterior mediastinal masses are ___________.
malignancies
What are the second-generation anti-histamines?
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Loratadine (Claritin)
