Exam 3 Review

Question 1

Why do small alveoli tend to collapse in the absence of surfactant?

Answer 1

Because surface tension exerts inward forces on alveoli. Smaller alveoli generate higher internal pressures than larger alveoli causing air to leave small alveoli and travel to large alveoli.

Question 2

Intrapleural pressure is most negative at the end of ___________.

Answer 2

inspiration

Question 3

Nicotine gum and patches are both _____ forms of replacement therapy. They should be used on schedules.

Answer 3

long-acting

Question 4

Fetuses can survive at the end of the _______ stage of lung development.

Answer 4

canalicular

Question 5

The capillary double bed network fuses in the __________.

Answer 5

final stage (alveolar)

Question 6

The epithelia differentiate and fuse in the ________ stage.

Answer 6

canalicular

Question 7

Asymptomatic people with emphysema should be given _________.

Answer 7

SABAs to use PRN

Question 8

Paradoxical vocal cord movement leads to a flattening of the _______ side of the flow/volume loop.

Answer 8

inspiratory

Question 9

Elastic work increases with ________; resistance work increases with ________.

Answer 9

tidal volume; respiratory rate

Question 10

Increased vagus nerve stimulation leads to broncho-________.

Answer 10

constriction

Question 11

Hysteresis means that the compliance curve shifts _______ during inspiration.

Answer 11

right

Question 12

Vocal cord dysfunction is treated with __________.

Answer 12

speech therapy

Question 13

Metabolic acidosis is compensated mainly by the _____________.

Answer 13

peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 14

The drawback of anti-IgE therapy is ________.

Answer 14

potential for anaphylaxis

Question 15

Lungs develop from ____-derm.

Answer 15

endo

Question 16

The lobes are established in the ______ stage.

Answer 16

embryonic

Question 17

The pseudoglandular stage branches up to __________.

Answer 17

the terminal bronchioles

Question 18

Which has more smooth muscle, blood vessels or bronchi?

Answer 18

Blood vessels

Question 19

Which intercostals aid inspiration?

Answer 19

The externals

Question 20

At the end of inspiration, the intrapleural pressure is roughly ______; at the end of expiration it’s ________.

Answer 20

-30 cm H2O; -5 cm H2O

Question 21

What formula shows that smaller alveoli generate higher pressure?

Answer 21

P = 2 x (T/r)

Question 22

What is hyperpnia?

Answer 22

High V(A) and normal P(a[CO2]), such as occurs in exercise

Question 23

What is the solubility coefficient for arterial oxygen?

Answer 23

0.0013 mM/Torr

Question 24

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood?

Answer 24

40 Torr

Question 25

A “rightward shift” in the hemoglobin curve means _____________.

Answer 25

decreased oxygen affinity

Question 26

What is the formula for C(a[O2])?

Answer 26

SpO2 x Hgb x 1.39 + 0.0013 x P(a[O2])

Question 27

Which part of the lung has higher V/Q?

Answer 27

The upper

Question 28

Vocal cord dysfunction will usually present with _________ stridor.

Answer 28

inspiratory

Question 29

Anticholinergics are approved for _________.

Answer 29

COPD but not asthma

Question 30

Give the GOLD scale and recommended treatments.

Answer 30

A: SABA
B: SABA, LABA/LAMA
C: SABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS
D: SABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS

Question 31

Normal PVR is _______ Wood units.

Answer 31

1-2

Question 32

What type of cell is predominant in the airways of those with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 32

Lymphocytes

Question 33

Most posterior mediastinal masses are ___________.

Answer 33

malignancies

Question 34

What are the second-generation anti-histamines?

Answer 34

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Loratadine (Claritin)