Small Group: Chronic Kidney Disease and Transplant Cases Flashcards
If people with CKD intake more than 2 or 3 liters of water in a day, then they will __________.
develop edema
Why do people with CKD develop hypocalcemia?
Phosphate levels rise due to decreased GFR. Decreased phosphate levels lead to increased parathyroid hormone, which pulls calcium from the bones.
What does parathyroid hormone do to calcium and phosphate?
It induces phosphate excretion and calcium secretion from the bones.
In what stages does phosphatemia appear?
Typically stages 4 and 5
Those with CKD are at increased risk for ________.
AKI (then called “acute-on-chronic”)
What aspects of the history, physical exam, and laboratory/radiographic studies would lead to acute vs. chronic kidney disease?
Acute: dehydration; history of stable azotemia;
Chronic: anemia; history of worsening azotemia; increased PTH; decreased kidney size;
BUN:creatinine ratio is low in ___________ and high in _________.
renal causes; pre-renal causes
What can be done to slow the progression of polycystic kidney disease?
ACE inhibitors
Treat acidosis
Do not take NSAIDs
___________ is an absolute indication for dialysis.
Uremic pericarditis
Cyclosporine is an older generation immunosuppressant. _________ is now more commonly used.
Tacrolimus
Tacrolimus can lead to _________.
afferent arteriole constriction
Why does increased phosphate lead to increased parathyroid hormone?
Because phosphate binds to calcium and precipitates, thus leading to a decreased serum concentration of calcium
Recommend _______ binders in patients with CKD (or a diet low in that ion).
phosphate
