Clinical Treatment of Heart Failure

Question 1

Lasix is the brand name for ___________.

Answer 1

furosemide

Question 2

_________ are the most common treatment of heart failure.

Answer 2

Diuretics

Question 3

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) end in the ______ suffix.

Answer 3

-pril (such as lisinopril, enalapril, and benazepril)

Question 4

Side effects of ACE inhibitors include _________.

Answer 4

hypotension, hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, and worsening renal function

Question 5

The -sartan drugs (such as losartan and valsartan) block _________.

Answer 5

angiotensin II receptors

Question 6

For those with HFrEF, give three drugs: ___________.

Answer 6

a ß-blocker, an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, and an aldosterone-receptor blocker

Question 7

Patients with less than 35% ejection fraction are given ____________.

Answer 7

ICDs (implanted cardioverter devices)–implanted defibrilliators

Question 8

CRTs are ______________.

Answer 8

cardiac resynchronization therapy–devices that treat bundle blocks by stimulating both ventricles at once

Question 9

Why are vasodilators given to patients with acute heart failure?

Answer 9

To reduce afterload and improve cardiac output

Question 10

Diuretics are given when patients are at the ______ of the Frank-Starling curve, such that depleting fluid will not affect stroke volume.

Answer 10

far-right end

Question 11

List two aldosterone-receptor blockers.

Answer 11

Spironolactone and eplerenone

Question 12

Hospitalized CHF patients are typically given ___________.

Answer 12

IV diuretics, IV inotropes (such as digoxin or milrinone), IV vasodilators, and PPV

Question 13

ß-blockers are usually only given to those stage _________ and up.

Answer 13

II

Question 14

Those with HFpEF are usually just given ___________.

Answer 14

medications to treat hypertension and diuretics in cases of volume overload; ACEI, ARBs, and ßBs have not been shown to be effective

Question 15

ß-blockers can induce ____________.

Answer 15

bronchoconstriction

Question 16

Hydralazine and isorbide are ___________.

Answer 16

arterial vasodilators, recommended in African-American HF patients

Question 17

In the warm/cold, wet/dry scheme, patients want to be __________; if they are cold and wet, give them a _______ first and then a _________.

Answer 17

warm and dry; inotrope; diuretic